خلاصة:
زمینه و هدف: در شرایط کنونی به لحاظ وجود مجموعهای از عوامل افراد متخصص و دانشی، از کشوری به کشور دیگر نقلمکان میکنند و پدیده گریز سرمایههای انسانی را رقم میزنند. ازاینرو پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل کششی و رانشی مرتبط با گریز سرمایههای انسانی انجام پذیرفت. روششناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف اکتشافی، از حیث گردآوری اطلاعات در زمره پژوهشهای آمیخته و از لحاظ نتیجه کاربردی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش خبرگان و صاحبنظران در حوزه موردمطالعه هستند که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری گلوله برفی 30 نفر از آنان بهعنوان اعضای نمونه انتخابشده است. ابزار گردآوری دادهها در بخش کیفی مصاحبه و در بخش کمی پرسشنامه است. در این پژوهش دادههای کیفی با روش کدگذاری و دادههای کمی با روش Delphi Fuzzy تحلیلشده است. یافتهها: مطابق یافتههای پژوهش تعدادی از مهمترین عوامل رانشی، بستر نامناسب برای پذیرش تحرک فکری، بروکراسی سالاری و عدم توفیق پلتفرمهای کارآفرینی و تعدادی از مهمترین عوامل کششی، دسترسی به فرصتهای جهانی و ارتباطات بیشتر با جهان، وجود استانداردهای بالاتر کاری و شغلی در موقعیت رقیب بود. نتایج: نتایج گویای آن است که شرایط و بستر نامناسب مانند قوانین و مقررات دست و پاگیر مانع از بروز خلاقیت و آزادی عمل سرمایههای انسانی شده و منجر به ترغیب آنها به خروج از مرزهای کشور خواهد شد. از طرفی شرایط کاری بهتر در مبدأ میتواند سرمایههای انسانی را به سمت خود جذب نماید.
A B S T R A C T Background and Aim: In terms of the existence of a set of factors, expert people move from one country to another and create the phenomenon of human capital flight. Therefore, the current research was conducted to identify the pull and push factors related to the flight of human capital. Methodology: The current research is in terms of exploratory purpose, it is among mixed research and in terms of results, it is practical. The statistical population of this research is experts and experts in the field of study, 30 of them were selected as sample members using the snowball sampling method. The tool for collecting information is an interview in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. In this research, qualitative data was analyzed coding method, and quantitative data were analyzed with the Delphi Fuzzy method. Results: A number of the most important driving factors are an inappropriate platform for accepting intellectual mobility, bureaucracy and the failure of entrepreneurial platforms, and a number of the most important pulling factors are access to global opportunities and greater communication with the world, the existence of higher work and career standards in It was a competitive position. Conclusion: Inappropriate conditions and conditions such as cumbersome laws and regulations prevent the creativity and freedom of action of human capital and will lead to their persuasion to leave the country's borders. Better working conditions at the source can attract human capital Extended Abstract Introduction The flight of human capital entails a lot of costs for society, which cannot be compensated easily. Having said that, paying attention to the phenomenon of human capital flight and conducting research in this field, such as the present study, can identify the effective causes of human capital outflow, and this will inform the relevant officials and managers to eliminate and reduce the effective causes in The flight of human capital prevents them from leaving the country. Therefore, the lack of sufficient attention to this phenomenon and the obvious research gap in this field led the current research to analyze and investigate the push and pull factors affecting the flight of human capital in the counter. Methodology The current research is in terms of exploratory purpose, it is among mixed research and in terms of results, it is practical. The statistical population of this research is experts and experts in the field of study, 30 of them were selected as sample members using the snowball sampling method. The tool for collecting information is an interview in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. In this research, qualitative data was analyzed coding method, and quantitative data were analyzed with the Delphi Fuzzy method. Results and discussion The results of the research consist of two parts, qualitative and quantitative, which are described in this section. In the qualitative part of the research, a set of pull and push factors were identified using the coding method. Based on this, the pull factors that cause the attraction of human capital in capitalized countries are the existence of higher work and job standards in a competitive situation, the existence of a war strategy to attract talent, job stability and a position in work and personal life. The existence of human capital attraction policies by competitors, access to global opportunities and more connections with the world, the existence of elite atmosphere and human capital seeking, the desire to gain new experiences, the desire to have a diverse career path with different conditions, conditions Suitable work in post-escape work situations and higher salaries in competing positions. Also, according to the results of the research in the qualitative part, the driving factors related to the phenomenon of human capital flight are bureaucracy and the failure of entrepreneurial platforms, the existence of an anti-elite atmosphere, despair and the absence of a clear horizon and vision, the existence of the locked-in phenomenon. becoming human capital, lack of attractive career paths for human capital, lack of opportunities for progress, growth and excellence of human capital, boredom and fatigue from the original conditions, the unsuitable platform for accepting intellectual mobility, unfavourable economic and social conditions and Lack of material and spiritual support for human capital. In addition, the results of the quantitative analysis indicate the ranking of the pull and push factors related to the flight of human capital. Therefore, the most important pull factors related to the flight of human capital are suitable working conditions in work situations after the flight, access to global opportunities and more communication with the world, and the existence of higher standards of work and employment in the competitive position. Conclusion Considering the pull and push factors identified regarding the flight of human capital, the present study suggests to the Vice President for Research and Technology and the senior managers of the Ministry of Labor, Cooperation and Social Welfare that by forming a specialized task force in a problem-oriented manner, The problems of these valuable capitals should be taken care of to reduce their escape and withdrawal. The results and findings of the research, which are based on the opinions of an expert panel, can help identify issues related to the flight of human capital. For example, one of the most important driving factors of human capital flight is the inappropriate platform for accepting intellectual mobility. It is suggested to the aforementioned institutions that while inviting entrepreneurs, startup and knowledge-based companies and their managers, a suitable guarantee for the commercialization of creative and innovative ideas should be given to these valuable capitals and guaranteed. that the government will provide the necessary support for the implementation of creative and innovative ideas. - Bureaucratic problems and the failure of entrepreneurial platforms due to many problems in the business environment, a large part of which is caused by the central bureaucracy of Iran's business environment, is another factor that can be solved to give hope and motivation to He injected the country's human capital. It is suggested that the problems and requests of entrepreneurs, knowledge-based companies and knowledge-based startups be resolved separately and faster so that these valuable capitals have more motivation for activity. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.