خلاصة:
This article is about Edward Brown's four speeches in 1920-1921, an English doctor, about
Islamic medicine, which was edited and translated into Farsi and published as book by
him.He started his first speech by expressing greatness of phenomenon of Islamic medicine
and says: I was given honor to define position and place of Islamic medicine in history, and
he says that this is a difficult task. meaning of Islamic medicine in his own view and wrot :
principles and opinions of Islamic medicine are compiled in Arabic language books. "It is said
that most of their authors are Greek and a few Iranians, Indians and Syrians have added
appendices to them. And they introduced best example of ancient science and culture to
world." In his lectures, Brown reflects research of Islamic medicine in Europe with detailed
documentation and works of about twenty orientalists in Islamic from Renaissance to 20th
century. He has very colorfully expressed role of Iranian element in evolution of Islamic
medicine from Iran. And he has emphasized practicality and realism of Islamic medicine. And
he has expressed role of physical transmission and evolutionary development of Islamic
medicine in medical knowledge from ancient period and innovation and in medical
experiences. He started by mentioning stage of translation from Greece and finally explained
character of three Iranian physicians of Islamic civilization who wrote, in Persian.Finally, he
returned to East again and introduced several Persian physicians and writers of Islamic
civilization of Seljukids, Khwarazmshahi, Ilkhanids, Safavid, and Qjar dynasty(1796-1925 )
eras and their works. has covered Brown's hypothesis is that phenomenon of medicine in
Middle Ages, called Islamic medicine, not Arabic, has a physical and shameful position in
history. In fourth lecture, he criticized himself this hypothesis and said: it is very difficult to
prove and still needs research in sources. first Islamic medicine and Latin translations are
sources of Islamic medicine in early renaissance.
ملخص الجهاز:
2-1- geography of spatial domain of Brown's discussion and facts: The history of medicine in whole Islamic world, especially Iran and Egypt, from Arab Jahili period in Hejaz, with reference to flourishing of Islamic civilization in Maghr eb and Andalusia without describing those lands, is the subject and scope of Brown's writing.
2-Material of paper: 1-2- Etymology of history of Islamic medicine: ancient Iranian Islamic medical sources - late Orientalism 1-2-Brown has introduced Islamic civilization as a pioneer in research of medical history and mentioned it by mentioning ,Al-Fahrest of Ibn Nadim (987 AD) until book, history of physician of 'Alī ibn Yūsuf al-Qifṭī ( 1173-1248) (Kitāb Ikhbār al-'Ulamā' bi Akhbār al-Ḥukamā).
Brown has followed Orientalist opinion that Islamic civilization was not just a simple means of transferring civilization from ancient period to Middle Ages, and added a lot of content to ancient medical knowledge and had new innovations and experiences.
Brown considered presence of a Greek physician in Achaemenid court (Greek Ketzias) as a sign of progress of ancient medicine 5-1-Syriac-Greek origin of Islamic medicine Two groups of Syriac and Greek translators were in work of transferring Greek knowledge to Baghdad.
A book on medicine was written in Farsi about treatment of Greek physician Khosrow II, which is called Al-Furs 6-4-: All great translators and Jundishapur physician One of Brown's research points is introduction of important figures who played a role in formation of Islamic medicine during translation period.