خلاصة:
امروزه صنعت گردشگری به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین و اصلی‌ترین منابع درآمد پایدار در اکثر کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و درحال توسعه مطرح است، لذا سیاست‌گذاری، مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی جهت توسعه این صنعت در زمان حال و آینده، از مهم‌ترین دغدغه‌های مدیران و مسئولین مرتبط با حوزه گردشگری است. یکی از مهم‌ترین اقدامات در راستای توسعه صنعت گردشگری در فضاهای شهری، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توسعه صنعت گردشگری است که می‌تواند تأثیر بسزایی را در رونق و شکوفایی این صنعت به‌همراه داشته باشد. از این‌رو هدف مقاله حاضر شناسایی و تحلیل پیشران‌های کلیدی موثر بر توسعه گردشگری در کلان‌شهر تهران است. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش کار توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است. جهت جمع‌آوری داده‌ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای ـ اسنادی و میدانی (توزیع پرسشنامه) استفاده شده و جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار میک مک بهره‌گیری شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را تمامی کارشناسان خبره حوزه توسعه گردشگری کلان‌شهر تهران تشکیل داده است که با استفاده از روش گلوله‌برفی به‌عنوان روش نمونه‌گیری، در نهایت 30 کارشناس خبره به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب گردیده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان‌دهنده آن است که در مجموع 28 عامل بر توسعه گردشگری کلان‌شهر تهران تأثیرگذارند که میزان تأثیرگذاری آن‌ها، از قوی تا ضعیف می‌باشد. نتایج پژوهش، بیانگر آن است که در میان عوامل شناسایی شده، عوامل انسانی در این کلان‌شهر بیشترین تأثیرگذاری را بر توسعه گردشگری شهری دارند و این عوامل شامل توسعه زیرساخت‌های مرتبط با گردشگری داخلی و خارجی، امکانات اقامتی و رفاهی، امنیت، آثار تاریخی و امکانات مربوط به خدمات درمانی بوده است.
Today, the tourism industry is considered as one of the most important and main sources of sustainable income in most developed and developing countries, therefore, policy making, management and planning for the development of this industry in the present and future is one of the most important concerns of managers. and officials related to the field of tourism. One of the most important actions in the direction of the development of the tourism industry in urban areas is to identify the factors affecting the development of the tourism industry, which can have a significant impact on the prosperity of this industry. Therefore, the aim of this article is to identify and analyse the key drivers affecting the development of tourism in Tehran metropolis. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method of work. To collect the required data and information, library-documentary and field studies (questionnaire distribution) were used and for data analyse used MicMac software. The statistical population of the study consists of all experts in the field of tourism development in the metropolis of Tehran Using the snowball sample size selection method, Finally, 30 experts were selected as the sample size. Findings show that a total of 28 factors affect the development of tourism in Tehran the extent of this effect is from strong to weak. The results indicate that human factors in this metropolis have the greatest impact on the development of urban tourism and These factors include the development of infrastructure related to domestic and foreign tourism, Accommodation and welfare facilities, security, Historical monuments and facilities related to medical services.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Today, tourism is a global and social dynamic phenomenon that has its own complexities; A phenomenon that takes different forms in different times and places with a hidden mechanism, and for this reason, it has completely different effects on human societies. The development of the tourism industry has benefits such as job creation, transportation optimization, increasing the income of local residents and supporting cultural and natural heritage. But its development requires sufficient knowledge and understanding of economic, social and cultural issues and factors. Tourism is a clean activity that can be effective in preserving nature for future generations and helps developing countries in solving problems such as unemployment and poverty by stimulating the potential of these countries. Due to its nature, this industry is a complex and mixed activity and requires the participation of various and numerous sectors of the society, and it also leaves extensive positive and negative effects at different levels. Cities are one of the most important residential destinations for tourists, and urban tourism is a type of tourism where citizens interested in cultural, historical, religious and natural attractions spend part of their free time in these places. In recent decades, the growth and development of the tourism industry and its adoption as one of the major economic activities by developed and developing countries and the competition of major tourist destinations in order to attract tourists have prompted planners to increase the income from Tourism activities should pay attention to two important categories: first, increasing the satisfaction of tourists and improving the pleasure and quality of the tourism experience, and second, trying to protect the interests of the host communities.Due to the accumulation of social infrastructure and civil institutions, cities have the ability to attract domestic and foreign tourists, and therefore they are the destination of many tourists. According to MasterCard's report in 2015, the top ten tourist-friendly cities in the world were: London, Bangkok, Paris, Dubai, New York, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Seoul, which attracted a total of more than 133 million tourists. It is also noteworthy that seven Asian cities are among the top ten tourist cities in the world.Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method of work. To collect the required data and information, library-documentary and field studies (questionnaire distribution) were used and for data analyse used MicMac software. The statistical population of the study consists of all experts in the field of tourism development in the metropolis of Tehran Using the snowball sample size selection method, Finally, 30 experts were selected as the sample size. Results and discussion: Findings show that a total of 28 factors affect the development of tourism in Tehran the extent of this effect is from strong to weak. The results indicate that human factors in this metropolis have the greatest impact on the development of urban tourism and These factors include the development of infrastructure related to domestic and foreign tourism, Accommodation and welfare facilities, security, Historical monuments and facilities related to medical services.Conclusion: Urban tourism is one of the sustainable sources of income for cities, and urban management with medium-term and long-term planning can make the most of this industry. The development of urban tourism is influenced by various factors, some of which are human and others are natural. The results of the present research, which was conducted with the aim of identifying the key factors affecting the development of tourism in the metropolis of Tehran, indicate that human factors in this metropolis have the greatest influence on the development of urban tourism, and these factors include the development of infrastructure related to domestic and foreign tourism, facilities accommodation and welfare, security, historical monuments and facilities related to medical services. Considering the dependence of these factors, Tehran metropolis can play a role as one of the most important destinations for medical tourists and historical tourists.Urban management policies and programs are among the most important factors that affect all factors of tourism development in Tehran metropolis, as urban management can provide other related factors such as security and cooperation of the private sector through the participation of citizens in tourism activities. Considering the geographical location and also being the capital city of Tehran, the influencing factors on its tourism development are more than other cities in the country and reciprocally, the development of urban tourism in Tehran can also affect the development of tourism in other places in the country.
ملخص الجهاز:
نتايج پژوهش ، بيانگر آن است که در ميان عوامل شناسايي شده ، عوامل انساني در اين کلان شهر بيشترين تأثيرگذاري را بر توسعه گردشگري شهري دارند و اين عوامل شامل توسعه زيرساخت هاي مرتبط با گردشگري داخلي و خارجي، امکانات اقامتي و رفاهي، امنيت ، آثار تاريخي و امکانات مربوط به خدمات درماني بوده است .
نتايج اين پژوهش نشان داد در ميان شاخص هاي ده گانه حکمروايي مطلوب شهري، شاخص بازاريابي بيشترين اثر را بر توسعه صنعت گردشگري در شهر تهران داشته است (٢٠١٧ ,Aminian et al).
نتايج اين پژوهش با پژوهش هاي ٢٠١٧ ,Zadvali Khajeh &Firoozi ؛ ٢٠١٨ ,Yazdani et al و ٢٠١٩ ,Tanguay &Boivin که در يافته هاي آنان به ترتيب آثار تاريخي، تبليغات و فضاهاي عمومي شهري از عوامل تأثيرگذار بر توسعه گردشگري شهري بوده اند، همسو ميباشد.
M (2017), Assessing the Indicators of Good Governance in Development of Urban Tourism (Case Study: City of Tehran), Journal of Urban Economics and Management, 5(18): 127-139 (in Persian) 4.
V (2016), The survey role of tourism potential for urban development (Case study: region 22 of Tehran), Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 8 (3): 85-98 (in Persian) 7.
V (2016), The survey role of tourism potential for urban development (Case study: region 22 of Tehran), Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 8 (3): 85-98 (in Persian) 7.
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