تحلیل محتوایی مفاهیم شیعی در اشعار محتشم کاشانی مقالة

مؤلف: شکوری سیدبیگلو، سیدکریم ؛ صلاحی، عسگر ؛

مطالعات زبان فارسی تابستان 1402- شماره 14 ISC (‎27 صفحة - من 61 إلی 87 )

الکلمات المفتاحية: نمادهای شیعی در شعر تاریخ سیاسی اجتماعی در قرن دهم تشیع محتشم کاشانی Shiism Shiite symbols in poetry social political history in the 10th century Mohtsham Kashani

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خلاصة:

محتشم کاشانی از‌جمله شاعران پارسی‌گو است که در سدۀ دهم هم‌زمان با تشکیل حکومت صفوی، در شهر کاشان به دنیا آمد و بیشتر عمر او مصادف با سلطنت شاه طهماسب، دومین پادشاه سلسلۀ صفوی بود که شاعران را از مدح پادشاهان منع و به سرودن اشعار در منقبت ائمۀ اطهار تشویق می‌کرد. نویسندگان مقاله برآنند تا مفاهیم و شعائر شیعی را از خلال اشعار این شاعر ـ که در موقعیت‌ها و مناسبت‌های مختلف سروده شده است با ابیات مربوطه ـ مشخص کنند و به این ترتیب به روش تحلیلی - توصیفی، ظهور و بروز فرهنگ و مفاهیم شیعی را در شعرهای او نشان دهند. اشعاری که در زنده نگه‌داشتن و ترویج مفاهیم شیعی، از‌جمله واقعۀ عاشورا در بین مخاطبان و خوانندگان آن در طی سالیان متمادی نقش بسزایی دارد، عناوینی مانند برقراری مجالس روضه‌خوانی و سیه‌پوشی در ایام محرم و صفر برای بزرگداشت واقعۀ عاشورا، سرودن اشعار مرثیه در رثای سالار شهیدان، مدح و منقبت ائمۀ اطهار و یادکرد فرقۀ منسوب به شیعه که همگی نشان از عشق و علاقۀ شاعر، حاکمان و مردم عصر وی به مذهب تشیع دارد که در آن زمان به‌تازگی به تدبیر و تلاش شاه اسماعیل اول صفوی در سراسر ایران پهناور به‌عنوان مذهب رسمی کشور اعلام شده‌ بود.

خلاصة:

IntroductionPoems of poets can be a good source for obtaining various issues governing their life periods. During the Safavid period, the official religion of the country was changed from Sunni to Shie. It goes without saying that social ups and downs and changes resulting from this change have been mentioned in the poetry of poets of this period such as Mohtasham Kashani; Among these developments is the introduction of the rituals and themes of the Shie religion in the poems of this poet. The authors of this research aim to identify the Shie concepts and rituals that Mohtasham Kashani used in his poems. The questions raised in this research are:- Why did Mohtsham Kashani turn to writing praise poems in honor of the purified imams and mourning the martyrs?- Which Shie concepts are mentioned in Mohtasham's poems?- What effect do these concepts have on the audience for the protection of the Shie religion and its growth? Research MethodologyThis research, with analytical-descriptive method, aims to extract the verses containing Shie themes and concepts by examining Mohtasham's poems and by explaining and analyzing them, it shows how much the poet himself, the rulers and the people of that period believed in and wanted these concepts. And they have been interested in the fact that it has appeared in this poet's poetry. DiscussAt the end of his reign, ShahTahmasb's opinion about praise poets changed, and he no longer gave praise and rewards to poets who sang in his praise. Therefore, the religious environment and the intensity of religious feelings and sentiments and the specific politics of the Safavid court caused the poets to turn to the praise and praise of the imams and the lamentations of the martyrs, and in this way, Shie concepts and themes were introduced in their poems.The most important concepts and Shie rituals mentioned in the poems of Mohtsham Kashani are: Reciting prayer during the days of mourning for martyrs in the month of Muharram; Wearing black during Muharram as a sign of commemorating the mourning of Seyyed alShohada; Composing passionate elegies to commemorate the event of Ashura; Writing beautiful poems in praise of the pure Imams, especially Imam Ali (a.s.) and Imam Reza (a.s.); Referring to the absence of the twelfth Imam and referring to the sect of Nasiriyya from the sect attributed to Shie.He states in his poems that people shed tears of mourning in the month of Muharram because of their love for Imam Hossein. In fact, the Safavid kings, including Shah Abbas I, were the founders of these religious gatherings and ta'ziyya. People wear mourning clothes in mourning for the martyrs of Karbala, the poet himself sings soulful elegies in mourning for the martyrs of Karbala. In his elegies, especially the elegies he wrote about the leader of the martyrs of Karbala, he expresses the intensity of callousness, cruelty, misguidance and deception of the perpetrators of martyrdom, as well as the greatness of oppression, courage and bravery of the Ahl al-Beyt and companions of Imam Hossein. And he invites everyone to love the Ahl al-Bayt and stay away from their enemies. In the praise of imams, he embodies their characteristics and greatness before the eyes and hearts of the audience and in this way attracts them towards the pure imams. Conclusion The value and importance of such poets and their poems is due to the fact that by expressing valuable Shie concepts and themes in their poems, they contribute to the survival and promotion of the school of Ahl al-Bayt and their popular style among different strata of people over time, which may not be possible to succeed in this way with any other method.