ملخص الجهاز:
n g 1 y; ( 2) t h e virtually removed the impact of confrontational relations in dichotomizina and separating economics and politics and the New World Order and globalization which originally indicated the reign of free market economy and the importance of the private sector in global economy and gradually encompassed political, social, and cultural domains such as democratization and human rights, political economy gained remarkable scientific and academic recognition and acceptance.
Annual oil revenues grew SOO times as much in the period between 1954 and 1974 which increased Iran's economic dependence on such revenues - the plan for the expenditure of which was both done and implemented entirely by the govemmenr'" Following the Islamic Revolution, state control increased yet further for various reasons such as nationalizing great industries, confiscating banks and companies, and govenunentalizing foreign trade.
The rapid growth of population, the expenses of the eight-year war with Iraq, Iran's economic sanctions, and the need to pay subsidies to manufacturers and consumers all led to further state intervention in the country's economy.
Chapter One primarily defines the history of political economy arguina that its emergence was indicative of statespersons' general satisfaction concerning the production and distribution of goods and the tasks and responsibilities of the state within the country's economic context.
Enjoying the oil revenues, Iran has been pursuing the strategy of replacing imports in the last three decades and this (as is the case in many developing countries) has led to a non• economic production process which has not had the necessary economizing of mass production due to the restrictions of the domestic market; state support brought about a lack of adequate efficiency for competition.