Abstract:
(شهدت حركة الخط العربي في الموصل في العهد العثماني الأخير فترات من
التأرجح بين التأثير والتأثر والخمول والنشاط والتراجع أحيانا ، والذي لا شك فيه ان
للاهتمام العثماني أثر في اهتمام الموصل بفن الخط )، بحكم موقع الموصل الجغرافي القريب
من العاصمة العثمانية والذي سهل وصول المؤثرات الحضارية و الثقافية اليها اسرع
وأعمق من وصولها إلى الولايات الأكثر بعدا .ومع ذلك لا نكاد نعثر على اية نتاجات فنية
وابداعية ذات قيمة في هذا المجال خلال القرنين العاشر والحادي عشر الهجريين (السادس
عشر و السابع عشر الميلاديين) أي في بدايات السيطرة العثمانية ولكن نقطة التحول تبدأ في
فترة الحكم العثماني المحلي، أي (الفترة الجليلية) فقد شهدت هذه الفترة ازدهارا ملحوظا في
الخط العربي، واحتضن الولاة الجليليون الخطاطين والنساخ وكان لذلك كله أثر كبير في
ظهور نهضة خطية فريدة، مهدت فيما بعد لبروز نخبة من الخطاطين الموصليين: كخليل بن
عمر خدادة الموصلي ت ( ١١٦٣ ه/ ١٧٤٩ م) والخطاط صالح السعدي الموصلي
ت( ١٢٤٥ ه/ ١٨٢٩ م) وغيرهم وعلى امتداد الفترات اللاحقة.
The Arabic calligraphy movement in Mosul during the late
Ottoman era fluctuated between affecting, getting affected, being
inactive or recessive. It was beyond doubt that the Ottoman interest had
an impact on the Mosulis’ love of calligraphy due to the fact that Mosul
very near to the Ottoman capital which facilitated the transition of
civilizational and cultural effects to Mosul in a deeper and quicker way
than the other further districts. Nevertheless, it is hard to find any
significant artistic or creative work in this demean during the tenth and
eleventh centuries A.H. (16th and 17th centuries A.D.) i.e., at the dawn of
the Ottoman rule, however, the turning point starts with the local
Ottoman rule (the Jalili era), which witnessed a remarkade boom in
Arabic calligraphy and the Jalili rulers pattronized the calligraphers and
scribes, which has an enormous effect on the rise of a unique
calligraphical renaissance that paved the way for the emergence of a
number of Mosuli calligrapher like : Khalil bin Omar Khudada Al-
Mosuli (died 1163 H.A., 1749 A.D.), and Salih Al-Sa’di Al-Mosuli
(died 1245 A.H., 1829 A.D. ) the chain of Mosuli calligraphers did not
end with this group at the end of the thirteenth century A.H. there were
more and more calligraphers such as : Sheikh Mohammad Amin Al-
Omari and Abdurahman Chalabi Al-Sayigh (died 1294 A.H., 1877
A.D.). Towards the end of the thirteen century and the beginning of the
fourteenth century A.H., Arabic calligraphy witnessed a slight retreat
due to the political situation and developments in the Ottoman state such
as the coup of 1908 A.D., the overthrow of Sultan Abdulhameed, and
the starvation of Mosul between 1917-1918 A.D. all of these thing had
an impact on the standard of calligraphy in the city. Stranger still, the
news of Mosul calligraphy in the early decades of that century were very
scarce and it can be said that the generation Mosuli calligraphers of that
century inherited from the generation that preceded them in imitating the
poor stereotypical performance and style of the rules of calligraphy and
mastering them. These calligraphers not only put the works down in
books and plates, but also on building. If we look at the inscriptions on
the walls of Mosuli mosques, schools, houses, graves and carving works
on wooden doors and articles, which belong to that era, we shall see the
powerful calligraphical accomplishment of these more.