Abstract:
این مقاله به بررسی ابعاد عاطفی مکان در فضای زیرزمینی شوادان که در فصول گرم سال در خانههای شهر دزفول استفاده میشود میپردازد. موضوع این تحقیق، عدم پاسخگویی به برخی از نیازهای روحی و آسایشی مردم در معماری امروز است. در معماری گذشتة ایران، مکانهای فراوانی یافت میشدند که میتوانستند آثار روحی مثبتی را برای مردم در خود داشته باشند. اما اینکه چه تجربهای تعامل بین مردم و مکان سکونت و استقرارشان را تعریف میکند، و این تجربه چگونه و در چه ابعادی از احساس و عاطفه رخ مینماید، تاکنون در ایران بررسی نشده است. هدف این تحقیق نیز دستیابی به چنین ابعادی از تجربة حضور مردم در شوادانهاست. فهم تجربه مردم در کشف ابعاد عاطفی مکان، برآمده از نگرش پدیدارشناسانه به مکان است. لذا روش تحقیق انتخابی، پدیدارشناختی است. اما اهمیت شوادان به عنوان نمونه مکانی این تحقیق، نخست به خاطر نوع معماری متمایز آن است که در مقایسه با ساختارهای متداول، طبیعتی بکر را در خانههای دزفولی فراهم آورده است. دلیل دوم انتخاب شوادان، تداوم زندگی در آن دسته از خانههای دزفولی است که گاه از فضای زیرزمینی آنها استفاده میشود. این تحقیق با مصاحبه نیمهساختاری از 20 نفر، بر پایه تعامل مردم و مکان شوادان، به نتایجی از کشف معانیای چون انقطاع، آرامش، تنشزدایی، فراغت ذهن و تفکر رسیده است. معانی بهدست آمده، مفهوم مکان شوادان را از بعد عاطفی نشان میدهند.
In people-environment relationship lived-experience is likely to be a significant component of placemeaning known as phenomenological works that attribute to understanding unconcealed environmentalproperties and meanings. In this article a group of selected persons was conducted to find out theemotional dimensions of a place named Shavadan. Shavadan found as a sophisticated underground spaceof Iranian houses in Dezful. It looks like – but really it is not - a segregated part from the wholeconfiguration of a house. This place with 5-15 meters depth has been excavated completely under theground with access to a series of stairs mostly from the courtyard. This study regards to human well-beingand his demands and focuses on the non-physical human needs that mostly are not responded. The mainproblem is that while human live in architectural contemporary modern places, the answers to hisemotional demands are totally incomplete. There are different places throughout Iranian traditionalarchitecture in which dwellers positively might be influenced in interaction with whole space. Throughoutthe variety of indigenous house typology in Iran, searching a variety of indoor residential spaces, mostlythe private types, and the case study was selected in Dezful city for its existing residents and specialdistinctive properties of Shavadan that cannot be easily found in modern buildings. Shavadan whichmeans a dark place is used during hot summer days. It has been excavated completely under the groundwith access to a series of stairs mostly from the courtyard. There is a peculiar feature where the walls androof are exactly in the form of buried/ dug ground but not an ordinary ground, which looks like anintegrated screen of stony texture. Geologically, Dezful’s earth is sedimentary rock, called conglomerate.Consequently, among the verities of living spaces, at the time of long hot summer days, even the totalshadowed parts of semi-open space “Iwan” are uncomfortable, and there fore the residents move toShavadan till the heat intensity would drop at about sunset. Concerning the non-physical aspects ofShavadan, the person’s image of being in a living space, taps into a personal experience, never studiedbefore to understand its nature. To learn about such kind of place that is meaningful to people, aphenomenological study and 20 semi-structured interviews conducted to find ant the human experiences inthe mentioned place. Here, the research questions are based on two matters of what people do experiencein interaction with place and how they experience it. Two groups of people participated for interviewsinside Shavadan the first group had no experience, so they perceived the place for the first time; and thesecond one the local people experience it they lived in the place, experienced it and communicated with itby their occupation of the space. The feelings and emotions of the member of two mentioned groups wereconveyed through their non-physical interaction with the environment. The qualitative thematic analysisreveals phenomena such as distinctiveness, tranquility, relief as well as thoughtfulness, etc.