Abstract:
اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ 237965 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﺎری و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺣﺪود 1042000 ﺗﻦ ﺷﻠﺘﻮک، ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺪه ای در ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر دارد. ﺑﺎاﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل، از ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ اراﺿﯽ ﺷﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﺎری ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر در ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﻤﯽ روﻧﺪ و ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻋﻤﻼً ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﮑﺎری ﻓﺼﻠﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ دوم در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ اﺷﺮﻓﯿﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎی 30 ﮐﺸﺎورز ﭘﯿﺸﺮو و ﺧﺒﺮه ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮی از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ از دﯾﺪ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ راه ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ دوم و ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ دوﻟﺖ و اﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزان از ﺧﺮﯾﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، ﻧﺒﻮد ﺑﺎزار ﻓﺮوش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻣﺰارع ﭘﯿﺸﺮو ﻣﻮﻓﻖ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺧﺮﯾﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻨﯽ دوﻟﺖ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺰارع ﭘﯿﺸﺮو، اﻋﻄﺎی ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼت ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و اﻋﺘﺒﺎری ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺖ دوم، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮی اﻗﺘﺼﺎد روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻠﯽ و ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.
Gilan province with 237 965 hectares of paddy land and production of about 1. 042 million tons, contributes a big share in meeting of the country's consumption demands. However, due to weather conditions and other issues, agricultural land not used more than once a year, and farmers, after rice harvesting until next year face seasonal unemployment. This study aiming to identify the most effective factors affecting the development of second cultivation has been done in the county of Astaneh Ashrafieh. Enjoying the questionnaire and survey method, views of 30 leading farmer is studied. The results showed that farmers see different problems in the development of second cultivation as complementary or alternative activities for rice production, which the lack of government and Farmers Union support and guarantees to buy second products. The lack of proper market and the absence of successful model farms in the area noted as the most important factors. According to the survey results, strategies such as guarantees buying by government, establishing model farms, granting loans and credit with appropriate interest rates developing local markets, enhancing the competitiveness of rural economies, creating processing and packaging industries in rural areas and development of marketing programs offered.