Abstract:
امروزه دسترسی برابر به خدمات و عدالت بین نسلی به یکی از رویکردهای اصلی در کشورهای توسعه یافته تبدیل شده است. در این میان» حمایت از کودکان و نیازهای آنها بویژه در طراحی فضاهای شهری از جایگاه ویژه‌ای در نظام مدیریت شهری برخوردار شده است. لذا در این پژوهش با هدف آگاهی از شاخص‌ها و اصول شهر دوستدار کودک» به سنجش میزان رضایتمندی کودکان از پارک‌های شهر بوشهر پرداخته شده است, بنابراین پارک‌های ماد بن‌مانع, مرجان و شغاب به یل مراجمه بیشتر آهالی و بویژه کودکان» به عنوان تمونه‌های مورد مطالمه انتخاب شده‌اند, در این توشتار پا استفاده از منایج کنایخانه‌ای» مطالعات میدانی و پرستننامه. به گردآوری اطلاعات پرداخته شده است وبا روش تحلیل عاملی به شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل سازندة فضاهای شهری دوستدار کودک پرداخته شده است. حجم نمونه برای توزیع پرسشنامه‌ها ۶ عدد بوده است که به تقریب ۲۰۰ عدد (برای هر پارک ۵۰ پرسشنامه) در نظر گرفته شده است. خروجی‌های مدل تحلیل عاملی نشان در این میان» میزان رضایتمندی کودکان از پارک مادر بیشتر از سایر پارک‌های مورد بررسی است و بعد از آن به ترتیب پارک‌های بن‌مانع؛ مرجان و شغاب قرار دارند. همچنین خروجی مدل رگرسیون خطی چندگانه بیانگر وزن و اهمیت بالای عامل «سرزندگی» بر رضایتمندی و علاقه کودکان به پارک‌های شهری است.
Introduction: Urban environments are often affected by the types of pollution, unsafe sidewalks, and
high crime rates that affect children's social and psychological development. In Bushehr, like in many
developing cities, children's rights in the urban space are ignored. Therefore, in this study, an attempt
has been made to examine the level of satisfaction of children and their parents about urban parks and to
provide solutions to improve the conditions of parks based on the indicators of a child-friendly city.
Method: In this research, first, through a review of internationally valid texts, the underlying variables
of creating a child-friendly urban space have been extracted. Then, the reliability was confirmed
according to the Cronbach's alpha test value (0.941) and the validity of the questions was checked
through interviews with experts. Then, through a questionnaire survey, children's opinions about these
variables were measured.
Factor analysis technique has been used to construct the theory of child-friendly city and to get its
constituent factors. Considering p = q = 0.5 and maximum error of 7%, the sample size was calculated
with the Cochran's formula of 196 people, which was distributed in approximately 200 questionnaires in
four parks, each park has a share of 50 questionnaires. Respondents were children aged 6 to 11, of
whom 108 were boys and 92 were girls. After completing the questionnaires, the following data were
entered into SPSS software and analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis model. The output of the
model categorizes and summarizes the variables under several homogeneous factors. The relationship
between factors and children's overall satisfaction with the parks has been evaluated using a multiple
linear regression model.
Results: According to the findings 5 factors were identified as explaining the child-friendly urban space
for Bushehr. The total cumulative variance of these 5 extraction factors is 67.5. These factors include
"liveliness", "efficiency", "security", "readability" and "controllability". Also, the results show the
Maadar park has a significant advantage over other parks and Shaghab Park has been associated with the
lowest score. Shaghab Park is markedly weak in the fourth (Readability) and fifth (controllability)
factors.
Conclusion: Accrding to the research findings the intervention strategies in the parks can be adjusted
based on the variables related to each factor and it was expected that the situation of the child-friendly
atmosphere in the parks would be improved by upgrading the variables. Achieving this can, in addition
to reducing social tensions and anomalies, strengthen the sense of security of children and parents,
increase the satisfaction of park users, ultimately lead to more people and promote vitality in parks and
other urban spaces.
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