یادداشت سردبیر: شکوه انکارناپذیر هنر ایران سرمقاله

Section 4 summarizes the progress and usefulness of these techniques 1• 2 - Productivity Measurement 2 - 1 - Measurement of TFP Growth Production function modeling is a crucial tool in analyzing returns to scale, technical change and productivity growth. The productivity growth, (TFP), over two points in time (0 and 1) following Kendrick ( 1961) is measured as the ratio of the TFP measures: 0 TF P = L1TFP I TFP = [((Y1 I Yo) I 0::1 w, X. i XJ1))- l] (4) = ((Y1 I Yo)/ (I:1 aj (Xj l I Xjo)J where L1TFP = TFP1+1 - TFP1 is change in TFP, W is input price, a1 is the cost minimizing expenditure share for inputs j and O denote the reference time period. 2-2- Decomposition of TFP Growth Diewert (1981) classified the various measures of technical change into four groups: (i) econometric estimation of production and cost functions, (ii) Divisia indices, (iii) exact index numbers, and (iv) non parametric methods using linear programming.