چکیده:
Patriarchy, it seems today, has always been an integral part of the Indian society. A slight glance at the status of women in India today makes one think that women have always been considered inferior to men. History, however, says otherwise; women in India have historically had a greater role to play and have commanded far greater respect than they do today. It will therefore be justified to say that women are not gaining but rather re-gaining prominence in the Indian society, considering the fact that the idea of women having a prominent role to play in the society is not new to this vast country. The role of women in India has in fact been a ‘loss and gain’ business, with their influence fluctuating from time to time. This paper attempts to examine the contribution of women in the field of literature under the Islamic rule in India. During the Sultanate as well as the Mughal period, although the status of women was comparatively lower than their male counterparts, this period saw some significant literary contributions from women. This paper first analyses the status of women during the Islamic rule in India, and then outlines their significant literary contributions.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Contribution of Women to the Persian Language in Medieval India Arihant Kumar Vardhan1 Abstract: Patriarchy, it seems today, has always been an integral part of the Indian society.
Keywords: Bhakti movement, Mughal period, Persian literature, women in India.
According to Dev, Tiwari & khan (2005) "This age also saw the emergence of writing by women saint poets, the most prominent among which are Lalleshwari and Habba Khatoon in Kashmiri, Mirabai in Hindi, Gujrati and Marathi, Avvayyar in Tamil, Mudduparani in Telgu and Akka Mahadevi in Kannada" (p.
Overall, during this period, the society was patriarchal and did not give attention to female education; however, the Mughal emperors were wise rulers and knew about the importance of education, hence, great care was taken to educate the women of the royal households.
At that time, some Mughal ladies played a great role in the development of the Persian language in India, namely, Gulbadan Begum, Nur Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal, Jahanara, Zeb-un-Nisa, to name just a few.
The contribution of women towards Persian literature reached its zenith with the works of Jahanara Begam and Zeb-un-Nisa.
In India, this poetic form was composed in one line of Persian and another line in any of the regional languages then prevalent, as shown below: Zeb-un-Nisa jahan me, Dukhtar-e-Alamgir (Dinkar, 2004, p.
The Mughal Emperors and Mughal women played an important role in developing the Persian language and literature.
If we scrutinize the aforementioned details, then one point must come to fore; as the Mughal rule consolidated itself and the culture formation gained momentum, it reflected in the increasing contribution of women in the field of literature and Persian language."