چکیده:
National space and existing human and natural geographical values in each country are the creating factors of tension and conflict within the milieu of that country, especially with neighboring countries that may have potential and actual effects on geopolitical relationships of that country with its neighbors. Using a 12 – trigger hypothetica model, Peter Haggett, the famous English geographer, has represented the geographic sources of tension contributing to the conflict of that country with others. Depending on a country’s geographical situation and the functionality of natural factors and human operations, these sources of tension can play a role in creating crisis at national and supranational (macro regional) scales. If proper management fails, the geographic sources of tension can not only overwhelm the country’s capabilities to reinforce general politics of the country, but also falsify the relations and ties of a political unit with other neighboring political units. Hence, the role of geographical factors and values should not be considered as neutral, null and void in international relations and in the emergence of geopolitical challenges and crises. As the most important country in the Southern Caucasia, ‘The Republic of Azerbaijan’, like any other political unit, has a series of geographic sources of tension with neighboring and other countries and this is no exception. Naturally, the geographical grounds of conflict involve in determining the level of foreign relations and policy and without doubt, recognizing these factors contribute to reducing this country’s problems and tensions in the region both intrinsically and extrinsically and particularly with its neighbors as well as with Iran. Accordingly, the current study, using descriptive-analytical method, attempts to answer this question ‘if geographic sources of international tension of the Republic of Azerbaijan fully conform to Peter Haggett’s 12 - trigger hypothetica model’. According to research findings, from among twelve triggers which Haggett called geographic sources of tension, six triggers can be obviously observed in Azerbaijan and the remaining six ceased to prove true in this country. Meanwhile there is a series of geographic factors creating tension in geopolitical relations of this country about which nothing is mentioned in Haggett’s model, the differences and conformities of geographical factors of conflict with the facts and realities of the Republic of Azerbaijan are reflected on various maps.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Although this geographical benefit sometimes has negative aspect because of international and around powers' avarices and consequently creates some bottlenecks for this country such as: ___________________ 1- Energy transmission based on this fact that this country is landlocked and needs other countries soil such as Iran, Russia, Georgia and Turkey to transmit energy; 2-conflict on Kepez, Çanakkale oilfields and Alborz; 3- not determining legal regime of the Caspian Sea after Soviet collapse and forming new republic around this oil domains: 4-oil resources have predisposed competition with regional and trans- regional powers.
Thus there are other geographical principals and values that potentially and actual can predispose geopolitical tensions which Haggett has not mentioned them in Hypothetica, but these factors have undeniable role in Azerbaijan’s geopolitical relations that some of them are as follow: "1- Nakhchivan’s exclave region; 2-conflict in maritime borders of the Caspian Sea; 3-stratgic point (Qabala); 4-oil pipes and energy transmit method; 5-occupied lands; 6- Disputed oilfields.
From twelve factors of tension and conflict resources in Haggett model, five ones is confirmed about Azerbaijan; "1-landlocked; 2-Aras River flow where its upper enters from Turkey; 3-Lezgi and Talesh ethnic and linguistic minority along two side of boarder; 4-Armenian minority within Karabakh mountains where extremely demands independence; 5- important international oil source".
In addition some of geographical tension factors which play role in Azerbaijan’s geopolitical relations that aren’t mentioned in Haggett model are studied by writers: "1-presence of Nahchivan’s exclave region; 2- disagerment on the Caspian Sea maritime boareds; 3-Qabala’s strategic point; 4-oil pipes and energy transmitting method via Azerbaijan; 5-about 15 percent occupied land; 6-Albors and Kepez oilfields"."