چکیده:
Middle of squares, one of the components of physical aspect is considered as an appropriateindicator in designing successful urban squares, which consequently promotes visual quality. The present study aims todetermine how the above mentioned aspect was presented in the Middle-Ages and Renaissance within Italian squares.Considering the aim of the investigation, library studies as well as visual documentations, with a historical-descriptiveapproach were applied in studying Italian community-oriented squares, Campo located in Siena, Del Campidoglioin Rome and San Marco in Venice. Results showed that, urban designers have employed some indicators, includingphysical aspect and its factors such as proportions, shape, surface design, materials, colors and topography in order topromote aesthetic-visual qualities, as well as human scale and unity of space to successfully design attractive middlesin squares. These all, efficiently influence users’ presence, pause, movement type and trend, direction, speed and eventheir behavior. Accordingly, considering the mentioned aspect is of great importance in designing future squares.
خلاصه ماشینی:
An Investigation to Physical Aspects of Middle Area in Squares as a Useful Indicator for Designing Community-Oriented Urban Plazas (Case Study: Italian Piazzas of Campidoglio in Rome, Del Campo in Siena and San Marco in Venice) 1Yasamin Douzdouzani, 2٭Iraj Etessam, 3Mohammad Naghizadeh 1Ph. D.
Results showed that, urban designers have employed some indicators, including physical aspect and its factors such as proportions, shape, surface design, materials, colors and topography in order to promote aesthetic-visual qualities, as well as human scale and unity of space to successfully design attractive middles in squares.
Present study aims to investigate physical aspect in three squares, Italian plazas of Campidoglio in Rome, Del Campo in Siena and San Marco in Venice, considering how their cultural, local, and environmental factors have been manifested, so that in future attempts to design squares, the physical aspect could be applied to promote the setting’s quality in order to be attractive to citizens and lead to their satisfaction and presence.
Here, "surface" refers to horizontal surface or space expansion, which plays a crucial role as physical component of urban square, limiting element of subspaces, and connecting and linking factor in total identity of structure.
Overall, throughout planning for urban architecture for middle square, indices such as "floor surface", floor material", "topography", "shape", "dimensions" and "proportions" are used (Fig. 1).
suitable index applied to community oriented squares physical Shape Size; Dimensions and Proportions Fig. 1: components of middle square Plan of Floor Surface Attributes and patterns of local design are now the indicators of sustainability in more of societies and places (Tafahomi & lamit, 2011).