چکیده:
Objectives: This present study aims to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral-based stress management training on anxiety in female MS patients.Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental research method with pre-test post-test, control group and random assignment. The statistical population fully consisted of female MS patients referred to the Iran MS association in 2014, from which 24 individuals were selected by accessible sampling, who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. For measuring the independent variable, Beck’s Anxiety inventories were used.Results: The results of ANCOVA showed that cognitive-behavioral-based stress management training was effective in reducing the anxiety of female MS patients (p≤ 0.05).Discussion: According to the results obtained, we believe that the cognitive-behavioral-based stress management training program has been effective on anxiety reduction in female MS patients. Thus, this training method can be used for target groups and the general population as an interventional program.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Therefore, it is necessary to design a model which can examine the mechanical behaviour of the different layers (including skin deformation and internal tensions) while working with snap-fits.
To investigate the influence of the thickness of the epidermis for skilled workers, which can be caused by long-lasting stresses (for example by assembly work), based on the 50% old male group and by applying 5 N and 50 N force, the simulation results are presented in table (4).
Also, the difference between the results with various values of Young’s modulus can be seen in Table 5, as the maximum compressive stress and the deformation of the skin in the professional model with 250 young’s modulus and 50 N force is less than the same measures in the reference model by about 78.
Hence, to investigate the influence of the force angle on the maximum compressive stress in the dermis and deformation of the skin, corresponding simulations were performed with the reference model.
Results of simulations with respect to the model with various force angle Actual force Force angle Maximum compressive Deformation of the stress in dermis (MPa) three skin layers (mm) 50 0o 0.
Discussion The results show that the aforementioned factors have effects on the maximum compressive stress in the dermis and on the deformation of the skin layers.
By considering the results from Table 3, it is obvious that the maximum compressive stress and the total deformation of skin is higher in the male group than the female one.