چکیده:
The assessment of de-desertification alternatives can be effective in controlling the reclamation of disturbed land and avoiding destruction of areas at risk. Until now, there has been no method to consider different criteria andalternatives, or to present the optimum alternatives based on systematic structures and experts’ perspectives.Desertification is a complex process resulting from various factors, including anthropogenic activities; the selectionof optimum alternatives is a very difficult task. This paper attempts to represent the optimum alternatives based on the Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Model (MADM). For this purpose, the initial priorities for alternatives were determined by Expert Choice (EC) software via Elimination and Choice Translating Reality (known as ELECTRE).Then, the final priorities for alternatives were assessed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This modelwas tested in the Khezr Abad region, Yazd Province, to evaluate the determination of optimum alternatives. The results indicated that prevention of unsuitable land use changes, vegetation cover development and reclamation, and changes in groundwater harvesting, with weight averages of 22.9, 21.8 and 19.1 %, respectively, are the most important desertification alternatives in the study area.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"The offered alternatives for de-desertification - Modification, creation and development of socioeconomic infrastructure in marginal areas A1- Reducing population growth rates A2- Poverty alleviation A3- Establishment and development of rural organizations A4- Increasing employment A5- Increasing participation of local community and supporting NGOs A6- Application of local forces and technology in projects (local knowledge) A7- Training people in utilization of new methods and use of new knowledge for optimal use of resources A8- Approval, promotion and implementation of laws and adaptation of punishments for crime A9- Providing for needs of local residents A10- Modification of unsustainable consumption patterns, changing and improving people’s livelihood patterns A11- Considering the role of women and youth in de-desertification A12- Organization of urban areas and prevention of migration A13- Coordination between responsible agencies and organizations in desertification and environmental protection A14- Raising the literacy rate A15- Development of desert ecotourism A16- Multi-utilization of desert instead of mono-utilization A17- Allocation of desertification issues to the private sector A18- Prevention of unsuitable land use changes A19- Mapping land use planning and determination of desert and salt desert boundaries - Vegetation cover conservation A20- Livestock grazing control A21- Forage production and increasing economic potential of sustainable husbandry A22- Prevention of plant cutting A23- Vegetation cover development and reclamation A24- Protection of Haloxylon spp.
2. Calculation of relative weight of criteria and alternatives, and formatting of group decision matrix (DM) After selecting important and preferred criteria and alternatives according to the group, the Delphi method of group pairwise comparison matrices was used to determine the relative weight of criteria and alternatives to achieve the goal of "offering optimal de-desertification alternatives" (Table 8).
Comparison of alternatives’ rate of preference according to the criteria of "proportion and adaptation to the environment" Then, matrix values of the criteria’s importance and the priorities of alternatives (Table 8, 9) were entered into EC software based on each criterion, and the importance and priority of de-desertification criteria and alternatives were obtained according to the group in the study area as bar graphs based on percentages using normalization and harmonic mean (Fig. 2, 3)."