چکیده:
The European sanctions regime against Iran came into force in 2012 and soon turned into a yardstick for evaluation of the European Union foreign policy. The Europeans demonstrated their determination in playing a more decisive role in the Middle East through impositions of sanctions on Iran. The present article aims to study the impact of sanctions on the European Union as well as its impacts on Iran. The main questions are about the effectiveness and impacts of sanctions and the future scenarios after their lifting. The hypothesis is that imposition of sanctions is quite consequential for both appliers of sanctions (European countries) and their subject (Iran). To study the consequences of sanctions, impacts have to be distinguished from effectiveness. For the appliers it is the impacts that should be studied. What concerns Iran as the subject of sanctions is their effectiveness. The costs of imposed sanctions on Iran have been significant for both Iran and European Union. This article approaches the issue of Iran’s sanctions from the International Regimes theory perspective.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Although all international oil companies benefited from the increase in oil prices as a result of Iran sanctions, many other economic sectors like airlines, oil refineries, car manufacturing and retail sales of Europe were negatively impacted.
In general the consequences of sanctioning Iran’s central and other banks and financial institutions are as follows: the international cut in bank transactions, freeze of Iranians assets overseas, restriction on the monetary activities based on dollars, increase in the costs of interactions and their risks due to the interference of the mediators and meddlers, increase in the final price of the produced goods and decrease in the competitive power of the domestic producers, soar in financial costs of doing trade, mounting of the inflation rate, stagnation and unemployment and at last the halt of gas and oil or other infrastructural projects.
First, sanctioning of Iranian central bank by the United States in January 2012 and second, boycott of Iran’s oil exports by the European Union in September 2012 (Avarjan and Mottaghi, 2015, 13).
Other matters that return to normal status can be named as follows: opening bank branches, dependent companies or representative offices of Iranian banks in the European Union member states, new participations in form of joint investments, offering insurance services, offering specialized services to individuals or institutions, renewed pledges of the European countries to offer financial supports for trade with Iran including opening LCs, providing export insurances and offering loans, financial assistances and preferential loans to the Iranian traders."