چکیده:
ﻃﻴﺲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﻩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻱ، ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ٦٠٠ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ، ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﭼﺎﺑﻬﺎﺭ .ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ، ﻃﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﺪﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﻃﻴﺲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺟﻤﻠ ﺍﺯ ﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭة ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻲ ﻫ٢٣٢) .ﻕ (ﻋﺠﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ، ﺳﻬﺮﺍﺏ ﻫ٣٣٤) .ﻕ (ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﻚ ، ﺍﺻﻄﺨﺮﻱ ﻫ٣٤٠) .ﻕ (
، ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ ﺣﻤﻮﻱ ﻫ٦١١) .ﻕ (ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻫ٧٢١)ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻔﺪﺍ .ﻕ (ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻃﻴﺲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ، ﻋﻈﻤﺖ ﻛﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻃﻴﺲ ﺍ «ﺗﻴﺰ» ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼﻱ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧ ﻛﻪ ﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻃﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ٢٣٠٠ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ، ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ، ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ، ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ، ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ١٣٧٧ـ٨٢ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺟﻤﻌﺎﹰ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﻴﺲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ .ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣ ﺍﺯ ﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ
Tiss is a valley-side، mountainous and forested village adjacent to the Chahbahar
county، and populated by about six hundred households. It used to be a famous port
long before having gradually been vanished.
The name "Tiss" is mentioned in most traditional literature of historical
geography at the same longitude and latitude. Some of these sources، include:
Kharazmi (812 AD)، suratol-arz; Sohrab (914 AD)، ajāyebol-aqālim; Istakhri (920
AD)، masālekol-mamālek; Yaqut Hemawi (1191 AD)، mo'jamol-boldān;and
Abulfeda (1391 AD)، taqwimol-boldān.
Innumerable ancient monuments، including thousands of cemeteries carved in
stones around the Tiss village bear the abundant evidence of the village being
magnificent and ancient. Moreover، the name "Tiss" is cited، spelling "Tizz"، in the
reports of the historians accompanied Alexander the Great، suggesting that the Tiss
village has more than 2300 years of formal history.
In this article، various geographical، historical، natural and demographic features of the Tiss village as well as its ancient monuments are discussed.
To compose the article، the researcher travelled to the Chahbahar county and the
Tiss village، during four trips in each season of the year، staying there for a total