چکیده:
آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻤﺪهﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ در ﺟﺎدهﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺳﻪ دﻫﻪ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮای ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﺎدهای ﻣﯽﮔﺬرد. ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻫﺎی آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺳﺮد (CMA) و داغ (HMA) ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺧﻮد، در روﺳﺎزی ﻫﺎی آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﻮارد ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎﺻﯽ را دارا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮد از ﻧﻮع رودﻣﯿﮑﺲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻧﯿﺎزی ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﮔﺮم ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻧﺪارد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﻋﻤﺪه در ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ و ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ آﻻت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز راﻫﺴﺎزی و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل آن داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮد در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮم ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و اﺟﺮای روﯾﻪ ﻫﺎی اﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﮔﺮم و ﺳﺮد (رودﻣﯿﮑﺲ) در مناطق گرم و خشک و شهرستان ایرانشهر می باشد. با توجه به موضوع تحقیق، روش آن از دیدگاه هدف، توصیفی و از دیدگاه نوع پژوهش، کاربردی می باشد. جهت جمع آوری داده ها نیز از ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده شده که بخش اول در مورد داده ها و ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی نمونه آماری (سن، جنسیت، تحصیلات و میزان سابقه در زمینه راهسازی) و بخش دوم شامل ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﺟﺮا، ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺠﺰﯾ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎی آﻣﺎری و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺬاری ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ از آزﻣﻮنT ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ای اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯿﺪﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮد دارای ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎی اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮا ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮم در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮم و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﯾﺮاﻧﺸﻬﺮ می ﺒﺎﺷﺪ. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﺟﺮا، ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮا ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﺟﺮا ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﮕﯽ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮد در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮم و ﺧﺸﮏ دارد.
Asphalt is the main cover on the road. We are passing three decades of asphalt usage cover on the road in Iran.
The asphalt mixes are mainly divided into cold (CMA) and hot (HMA) groups that each of them has special
usage in asphalt pavements, due to its distinctive features. When we are using cold asphalt in the type of roadmix
in warm and dry areas, we don't require preheating. Therefore, we are major savings in the amount of fuel
consumed and the machinery required for construction as well as the cost of its transfer. However, we have to
consider this issue in order to effective usage of cold asphalt, which can compare to hot asphalt. The purpose of
this research is economic comparing and preparation of hot and cold road-mix in warm and dry areas. According
to the research issue, the method is descriptive in terms of purpose, and it's effective in terms research. We are
using a questionnaire to collect information. The first part is about demographic information and demographic
characteristics of the statistical sample (age, gender, education, and background in road construction). The
second part contains questions for measuring the three factors, including running costs, effective usage, and
runtime. In order to this, we are using T-test to perform statistical analyses and effective variables. The results
show that the running costs variable have the most effect on the optimization of cold asphalt in hot and dry areas
among the variables such as running costs, effective usage, and runtime.