چکیده:
Hadith al-Iftiraq is a famous hadith attributed to Prophet Muhammad (s) in many Shi‘i and Sunni hadith collections, as well as in heresiographical sources. Among many books written by contemporary heresiographers, few have failed to mention this hadith in their writings. Many Shi‘i and Sunni traditionists have collected the traditions that deal with the future of the Muslim ummah under such titles as the hadith of fitan (tribulations), iftiraq al-ummah (division of ummah), or ittiba‘ sunan man mada (lit., following the ways of those who have passed). However, it seems that none of the above traditions have been more welcomed by heresiographers and apologists than the hadith iftiraq al-ummah. This article will analyze this hadith and its different versions and various interpretations, especially the identity of the only sect that, according to the hadith, will be saved in the Hereafter.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A. Differences in the Opening and Middle Parts of the Hadith Some reports only deal with the classification of sects and their number in the past nations (Jews, Christians, and also Zoroastrians as cited in one tradition), as well as Muslims, and there is no mention of the salvation or destruction of a particular group or groups.
Based on another tradition, these misguided sects are ahl al-ahwa’ (people of desires) (Ibn Abi ‘Asim 1419 AH, 1:79).
In order to match the numbers, heresiographers sometimes made up imaginary sects and sometimes disregarded the real ones; whereas, even if the hadith was authentic, it would be possible to interpret it allegorically—especially considering the fact that some early and well- known figures of heresiography, such as al-Nawbakhti and Abu l-Hasan al-Ash‘ari did not cite this hadith and did not try to match their classifications of Muslim sects with it.
In his book I‘tiqadat firaq al-muslimin, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi did not clearly cite this hadith either and did not try to match his classification of Muslim sects with it, but in an answer to the question why his list of Muslim sects exceeds the number seventy-three, he said that the Prophet's (s) remark was concerned only with the main sects (F.
However, al-Malati, Abu l-Ma‘ali, al-Baghdadi, al-Isfarayini, and al-Shahrastani have tried so hard to list exactly seventy-three Muslim sects in order to match the number given in the most widely cited versions of the hadith.
Sunan Abi Dawud, Edited by Muhammad Muhyi l-Din ‘Abd al-Hamid.