چکیده:
The world’s urban population is expected to be proliferated due to raised use of energy، increased air pollution، increasing traffic in urban areas، increasing usage of food، and reduced food production. There are numerous available solutions in this field، but achieving smart cities is one the furthermost effective ways. Smart city has improved ICT infrastructure as a versatile، reliable، changeable، accessible، safe and flexible one and thus has enhanced the quality of life and health of citizens. It has achieved remarkable economic growth while it is stable and has developed physical infrastructurebased
services. It also has straighten the prevention and management of natural and human-caused disasters and ascertained moderation in law fulfilment through governmental، political and participatory processes mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to identify challenges in regard to realization of smart cities and identify challenges after their creation. This research is a narrative review; that is a type of methodological approach and Status quo review. In this research، challenges were identified and analyzed by analyzing available data; consequently، challenges are classified to: challenges before creation of smart city and challenges afterward. Finally challenges such as: infrastructure challenges، economic challenges، managerial challenges، challenges of integration between sciences، technology and theory in advance، cultural challenges، technology trap challenges، and educational challenges after achievement have been extracted. For a successful planning in the field of smart cities، it is vital to take all of the mentioned challenges to account.
خلاصه ماشینی:
<H1>International Challenges of Smart Cities*</H1> <H2>Mostafa Behzadfar1, Mahmoud Ghalehnoee2, Mohsen Dadkhah3** and Nasrin Mohsen Haghighi4</H2> 1 Professor of Urban Design, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science &amp; Technology, Tehran, Iran &amp; Manager of Sustainable Architecture &amp; Urbanism Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
Other ICT challenges are technical, and security-based and a smart city needs data security (encryption, authentication, and authorization), devices connection and interaction, the essential power for devices, end-user interface, and service discovery (Correia &amp; Wünstel, 2011).
In order to start the process of a smart city, the central government should put the public participation and empowerment to the citizens in their agenda (Dadkhah &amp; Shahbazi, 2015; Seisdedos, 2012).
Active participation of people, in different levels for solving the problems, and providing especial infrastructures by the government to achieve this, is one of the prosperity factors in smart cities (European Parliament, 2014; Rodríguez Bolívar, 2015).
Limits of Methodological Aspects of Smart Cities )View the image of this page( (De Santis, Fasano, Mignol, &amp; Villa, 2014) <H7>Infrastructure and Operational Challenges</H7> Technology has been improved increasingly and many of developed and developing countries have the required urban areas in the field of making smart cities.
<H7>Training Challenges</H7> Smart city needs to train citizens (Dadkhah &amp; Shahbazi, 2015).
(2015) in their research have taken to account the design and implementation of an intelligent flood control support system by statistical analysis in order to define the relation between data and integration of data technology for achieving a digital city management1 (Chen, Sun, Li, He &amp; Zhang, 2015).