چکیده:
By the beginning of the third millennium, environment has become an issue of global importance. Changes arising from globalization has led to the formation of concerns that have inevitably been effective in the field of urban planning /design. New paradigms pertaining to urban policies have become pervasive all over the world, ignorant of the country’s local context. Lack of attention to contextual compliance underlying some of these paradigms have caused extremes in some cases that intensifies local-global dualities. This is especially evident in developing countries: there are occasionally some proposals to employ international architectural consulting services with innovative/new approaches to design or plan for large cities with great local backgrounds. In these circumstances, the adaptability of international planning/design paradigms to local context is highlighted as a point of concern. In this research, firstly, ‘contextualism’ is reviewed as a theory underlying urban development. Secondly, three recent international urban development paradigms: New Urbanism, Urban Villages and Urban Renaissance and the adaptability of their proposed solutions to urban context will be analyzed. An analytical method for comparative research is used to describe the main ideas of research. In each section, with an overview of the most important related literature, a multi-step process and logical reasoning, the strategies of each paradigm are compared within a model (multiple dimensions of urban design). To compare the adaptability of strategies to the context, ‘contextualism’ conceptual framework has been utilized. It is concluded that each paradigm has more emphasis on a specific dimension of contextualism which traces back to specific economic, political, cultural, etc. Circumstances from which that paradigm has been originated. Thus, when applying an international planning/design paradigm to a new environment, it will bring about practical changes only if it is calibrated to the local area’s context initially
خلاصه ماشینی:
The Application of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Regional Planning and Practice: Sahand Region* Mohammad Hossein Sharifzadegan1, Pouya Joudi Gol lar2** and Naghmeh Mobarghei3 1 Professor of Economic Development and Regional Planning, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
In this conceptual framework, SEA must be considered not only as a descriptive and sectoral analysis related to the impacts generated by planning policies on the environmental resources, but also as a process that follows through and eventually identifies itself with the decision-making and implementation phases of plans and programs; that is with the definition and attainment of their strategies (Floris & Zoppi, 2015).
Regional Environmental Assessment (REA) or R-SEA (Gunn & Noble, 2009) is one of the forms of strategic environmental assessment on the basis of which the environmental consequences resulting from multi- sectoral development activities in a specific geographic area can be assessed and defined over time (Therivel & Partidario, 1996; Brown, 2008).
This research aims at strategic environmental assessment of the regional strategic plan to analyze and interpret the causes of environmental threats and problems associated with current plans and to develop and implement a comprehensive methodology obtained from evaluating the regional environment in Sahand region.
Adapted from Braun (2004) TECHNICAL FRAMEWORK: SEA & REA Both the strategic and the regional environmental assessment processes consist of a series of activities which constitute the process steps.
The most important achievement of this study is to provide a practical example of the application of the strategic environmental assessment in regional development planning in Iran.