چکیده:
The aim of this study is to carry out an empirical study of constraint factors in recreational sporting
activities. More specifically it tests the model of constraints (intra-personal, interpersonal, and
structural), as proposed by Crawford et al. (1991), and its relationship with actual participation levels
in specific recreational sports activities in Iran.
Although there is a growing body of study in the USA, Canada, and United Kingdom into
gender differences in leisure opportunities and behavior, Little is known about leisure activities
in Iran. The maim purpose of this study is about the factors prohibiting female student at
Khorasgan Azad Islamic University to participate in recreation sporting activities. This paper
presents the findings of an exploratory investigation into factors influencing the recreational
sporting activities.
The data was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire among three hundreds
(300) female students who were participated in recreational sporting activities (102 individuals
once or more per week, 129 individuals once or more per month, and 69 individuals once per
year or more). Leisure constraints factors used in this study named as lack of time, lack of
money, lack of facilities, transportation, social relations, lack of interest, unawareness, lack of
skill and ability, and health and fitness problems.
The findings showed that significant differences was found among constraint factors such as lack
of time, lack of money, transportation, lack of interest, unawareness, lack of skill and ability, and
health and fitness problems. These findings have theoretical and practical implications, which
are discussed.
خلاصه ماشینی:
J. Humanities (2005) Vol 12 (3): (15 - 27) Level of Sport Participation for Women in Iran and Leisure Constraints Mohammad Ehsani' Abstract The aim of this study is to carry out an empirical study of constraint factors in recreational sporting activities.
Leisure constraints factors used in this study named as lack of time, lack of money, lack of facilities, transportation, social relations, lack of interest, unawareness, lack of skill and ability, and health and fitness problems.
Relationship between Constraints and Sport Participation Most women who homemakers/mothers have responsibilities as and in paid employment appear to have little time for leisure (Henderson, 1991).
Boothby, Tungatt and Townsend (1981), Godbey (1985), and McGuire ( 1984) have suggested that a significant practical contribution could be made by an empirical study of leisure constraints.
There is some evidence to show that there is a direct and negative relationship between the level of participation in leisure activities and the reporting of constraints in the literature (Shaw, Bonen and McCabe, 1991 ).
Table 4 One-way ANOVA of Constraint Factors (Mean Scores) by Participant (View the image of this page) 21 Level of Sport Participation for Women in Iran and ...
The study of the relationship between the frequency of participation in sporting activities and the perception of constraints was shown to be a complex issue.
An analysis of leisure constraints based on different Recreational sport participation levels: Results from study in Greece.