چکیده:
Statement of Problem: According to existing statistics, there are more than four thousand
descendants of Shia Imams in Iran as the major hub of Shiism. During Islamic era in Iran, a
number of magnificent mausoleums were constructed for these respected descendants of Shia
Imams which have given rise to a special style within Iranian architecture after the mosques. It is
noteworthy that in many of the mausoleums of descendants of Shia Imams their basic influence
on the process of formation, identity and expansion of many of Iranian cities in the Islamic era.
Therefore, according to the fundamental and ideological importance of the holy shrines in Iran,
it is important to perform explorations and researches in various aspects regarding the origin and
the genesis and the formation foundations and development of them so that the architects can
be provided with a better recognition thereby to copy their models and patterns. Of course, it is
worth mentioning that, besides the Shiite holy shrines, there are many other mausoleums in Iran’s
Sunni-dwelling regions constructed with the same patterns that belong to the assistors of the
prophet (may Allah bestow him and his sacred progeny with the best of His regards), Rashedin
caliphs and Sunni Scholars.
Study Objectives: the present study aims at investigating the importance and the position of
architectural basics of the honorable holy shrines in Shiite denomination that can open a novel
orifice to discussions on Iranian-Islamic architecture and, in fact, the main objective of the
study is acquiring the architectural principles and basics of the holy shrines and figuring out and
recognizing the quality of their commonalities in conceptual and objective forms and, eventually,
using these principles as theoretical foundations in the contemporary memorial holy shrine
architecture.
Study Method: the present study has been carried out based on an analytical-descriptive method
and utilizes qualitative research style to analyze the content and finally infer and express the
general principles. The information has been collected through library research and referring to
authentic historical documents as well as via field studies. To do so, the historical background
and the theoretical basics of the topic have been seminally investigated. In a second stage, five
examples of the prominent architectural styles belonging to various eras have been selected and
the geometry and the constituent elements, spatial position, naturalism and decorations therein
have been evaluated and analyzed.
Study Results: in the end, the study findings revealed many considerable points regarding the
principles and basics of the holy shrines’ architecture and they are all indicative of the idea that
despite their being built in various eras and making use of different forms and inscriptions and
even varying functional roles, these holy shrines feature common and identical principles such
as naturalism, symbolism, introversion, similar vernacular masonry, geometry, regular polygons,
use of sacred religious symbols and elements like four-dome roofs as well as the collective space
functioning
خلاصه ماشینی:
During Islamic era in Iran, a number of magnificent mausoleums were constructed for these respected descendants of Shia Imams which have given rise to a special style within Iranian architecture after the mosques.
Study Results: in the end, the study findings revealed many considerable points regarding the principles and basics of the holy shrines’ architecture and they are all indicative of the idea that despite their being built in various eras and making use of different forms and inscriptions and even varying functional roles, these holy shrines feature common and identical principles such as naturalism, symbolism, introversion, similar vernacular masonry, geometry, regular polygons, use of sacred religious symbols and elements like four-dome roofs as well as the collective space functioning.
After Sassanid era and with the advent of the evident religion of Islam, the structures of the holy shrines and mausoleums were heavily questioned in such a manner that the great Apostle of Islam (may Allah bestow him and his sacred progeny the best of His regards) ordered that it has to be favored by the believers not to construct any building on the mausoleums and the mausoleums should be built completely in the same level with the ground.
Connection with Four-Dome Pattern An example of the single-mausoleum pattern or memorial edifice of Cyrus is located in Pasargad and Ghabous Vault can be pointed out as an Bagh- e Nazar, 15 (64):5-18 /Oct. 2018 (VIEW the Image this page) Fig. 1.