چکیده:
Introduction: Hot temperature and exercise independently lead to metabolic changes in the human body and depress the immune system. Changes on immunoglobulin A (IgA) and cortisol in response to an intensive exercise in hot environment especially in the soccer players are not well known. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive exercise in thermoneutral and hot conditions on salivary IgA (s-IgA) and cortisol concentrations in soccer players.Material & Methods: Twelve elite male soccer players (age,21 to 34 years) participated in this study as the subject. Total unstimulated saliva samples were collected before, immediately and 30 min after the exercise training in51thermoneutral (HT: 20 ○C and 20% RH) and hot environments (HT: 30 ○C and 20% RH). Water was available ad-libitum.Results: s-IgA and cortisol levels were increased after an intensive exercise at both environments and their levels were significantly higher than baseline until 30 min after the exercise (P<0.05). Total protein concentration was increased30 min after the exercise in the heat (P<0.05), however no significant differences were observed between two occasions. Salivary flow rate was not affected by 2 conditions or differed at any time-point post-exercise. No significant differences were observed in s-IgA and cortisol levels between two environments.Conclusions: In conclusion, enduring hot temperature intensified stressful responses elicited by intensive exercise. This study advocates that hot temperature deteriorates exercise performance under exhaustive stress and effort conditions in soccer players
خلاصه ماشینی:
Immune responses to exercising in a hot environment in soccer players Koorosh Mardani1, Mehrzad Moghadasi2* and Eskandar Rahimi3 Received: 6 November 2018 / Accepted: 21 January 2019 (1) MS in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise physiology, Marvdasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
Changes on immunoglobulin A (IgA) and cortisol in response to an intensive exercise in hot environment especially in the soccer players are not well known.
Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive exercise in thermoneutral and hot conditions on salivary IgA (s-IgA) and cortisol concentrations in soccer players.
The analysis of salivary components such as total protein, α-amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA), nitric oxide (NO) and cortisol may signify a non-invasive technique to determine the relationship of the intensity, duration, temperature, relative humidity and type of exercise with the changes that these situations could cause on the immune system and on the physical stress of the athlete (4-6).
(2011) found that s-IgA secretion rate were increased and cortisol concentration had not significant changes immediately after completing the soccer-specific intermittent protocol in the heat (20).
Results Changes of salivary flow rate, total protein, s-IgA and cortisol concentration in the hot and thermoneutral conditions are presented in the Figure 1-4.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive exercise in normal and hot environments on s-IgA and cortisol concentrations in soccer players.
Therefore, these results do not support a short-tem inhibitory effect of elevated cortisol concentration on transepithelial transport of s-IgA after intensive exercise in soccer players.