چکیده:
This paper looks at what the concept of intangible cultural heritage means for indigenous peoples. It will consider how that heritage has been and continues to be appropriated, used without consent, commoditised or profaned. It will review some of the actions taken internationally and nationally to protect indigenous peoples’ intangible cultural heritage and their effectiveness. By drawing on examples for Asia, it will argue that measures designed to protect the ICH of indigenous peoples contribute to the wider protection of the environment and to sustainability.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Intangible cultural heritage, Indigenous peoples, Appropriation, Commodification, Environmental sustainability The UNESCO Convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage defines intangible cultural heritage (ICH) as “the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage”.
The UN Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples defines indigenous peoples’ culture as follows: “Indigenous peoples’ cultures include tangible and intangible manifestations of their ways of life, achievements and creativity, are an expression of their self-determination and of their spiritual and physical relationships with their lands, territories and resources.
Indigenous peoples’ knowledge and practices are passed on through the generations with no distinct individual owner, a fact that characterises many of the traditional skills, creativity and intangible cultural heritage products.
Furthermore, most indigenous 5 6 For example, the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador includes in the preamble the wording: “Celebrating nature, the Pacha Mama (Mother Earth), of which we are a part and which is vital to our existence…” Reply of the Saami Parliament of Finland to the request for information concerning the cultural heritage of indigenous people and their participation in political and public life, paper presented to the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, February 2015 available at http://www.
19/2016/10 18 The Outcome Document of the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, for example, recognizes “that the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous peoples and local communities make an important contribution to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity”.