چکیده:
نظام بین‌الملل و قدرت‌های بزرگ به‌مثابة «متغیر مستقل» و نظام‌های فرعی–منطقه‌ای به‌مثابة «متغیر میانی»، سیاست خارجی کشورها را تحت تأثیر قرار داده، با وجود فرصت‌هایی برای توسعة واحدها، محدودیت‌هایی برای آنان در جهت پیگیری اهداف و منافع ملی ایجاد می‌‌کنند. با وجود این، دولت‌های کوچک و متوسط در ساختار موجود، توان نسبی برای پیگیری اهداف توسعه‌ای خود دارند؛ از‌جملة این کشورها، ایران و مالزی را میتوان نام برد. به‌طور تقریبی، مالزی در قلب ناحیة شرق آسیا قرار دارد؛ منطقه‌ای که در‌حال‌حاضر به یکی از مناطق مطرح اقتصاد جهانی تبدیل شده است و در صلح و ثبات به‌سر می‌برد و ایران در منطقة خاورمیانه قرار دارد؛ منطقه‌ای بحران‌زا و با نظم هابزی. این شرایط منطقه‌ای تأثیر ساختار نظام بین‌الملل و قدرت‌های بزرگ بر سیاست خارجی دو کشور را دستخوش تحول کرده است. شرایط نامناسب منطقة خاورمیانه در کنار موانع و محدودیت‌های آمریکا، سیاست خارجی ایران را به‌ویژه در بعد تأثیر بر فرایند توسعه، با محدودیت مواجه کرده است؛ در‌حالی‌که در شرق آسیا، حضور چین و ژاپن در کنار آمریکا، علاوه‌بر تعدیل محدودیت‌های این ابرقدرت، سبب ارتقای فناوری، سرمایه و اقتصاد مالزی شده است. در بعد ظرفیت و توان سازمان‌های محلی نیز عضویت مالزی در «آسه‌آن»، با زیر‌مجموعه‌های کاربردی آن، شرایط دستیابی به سرمایه‌های محلی و همکاری فنی، به‌منظور کسب منافع منطقه‌ای را فراهم کرده است؛ بر‌خلاف سازمان منطقه‌ای اکو که نتوانسته چنین جایگاهی برای ایران داشته باشد.
Extended AbstractIntroductionForeign policy is phenomenon and influenced by a combination of structural factors, internal political dynamics, regional and international.The structure of the international system is limiting behavior of states. Waltz argues, the international system to define behavior of states and foreign policy is mainly an attempt to adapt to the pressures of the international system. Waltz: international politics is the politics of the great powers, He believes that the structure of the international system after the Cold War unipolar structure in which America is the undisputed power. Despite the weakening of America's economic hegemony in the past three decades, Still USA is the most influential international actor, However, small and medium-sized states in the existing structure,are the relative able to pursue thier development goals. Among these countries,are Iran and Malaysia. Malaysia is located almost in the heart of the East Asian region, South-East Asia, has now become one of the Important region in the global economy, Living in peace and stability, And Iran is located in the middle east. Middle East is Regional with oeder's Hobbes, war of all against all.This status of regional , affected by the Influence of grate powers on foreign policy of the two countries; Conditions in the Middle East, In addition to the constraints of the international system, has failed Iran's foreign policy. The presence of several powers, China and Japan, along with America, In East Asia, Malaysia's economic competitive advantage they enjoy is the addition of the international system, the membership of Malaysia "ASEAN" A functional subset of the local conditions of access to capital and technology.. provided economic benefites for members, Unlike ECO is lacking of such strong subsets or are in the beginning.MethodologyIn this study, the comparative method is used, Which means that the two countries of Iran and Malaysia have generally been compared and in the next step, the two countries in three dimensions, "the regional system," "benefit from the advantages of regional organizations", - stressed the ECO and ASEAN and "great power role" and the positive and negative effects its on economic development have been laid to compare. Results and DiscussionThe structure of the international system limitations and creates opportunities for policy. Many of the decisions and foreign policies, in response to the behavior of other international actors.International system of all activities that shape international relations are included.Malaysia is located almost in the heart of the East Asian region and is composed of two parts, East and West Malaysia an area that already has become one of the raised areas of the global economy and the peace and stability remains. Malaysia has a good and constructive relations with all countries of the world and In taking its own development policies, could have important role in economic development in the years approaching achieved and as a newly industrialized country to be identified.Iran is a country in Southwest Asia, the geopolitical and geostrategic up in the Persian Gulf, is located in the heart of the Middle East. Iran, the world's two major oil fields Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea is located. Iran is in the Middle East, a region critical and convulsions. The regional conditions, the impact of the structure of international and major powers over foreign policy between the two countries has changed. Conditions in the Middle East, America obstacles, particularly in terms of impact on Iran's foreign policy has limited the development process at the same time, while in East Asia, China and Japan on the side of America, in addition to adjusting the limits of this power, improved technology, capital and the Malaysian economy.ConclusionThe international system and the major powers as "independent variable" and the sub - region to "intermediate variables" foreign policy of Iran and Malaysia have been affected. Political and economic cooperation in the region of limiting the power of Malaysia's foreign policy adjustment and have taken advantage of the competitive power in favor of economic development so that despite the harsh positions and especially during the critical Malaysia Mahathir Mohammad, has a foreign policy worthy successfully pursue its development-oriented. While America's hegemonic supremacy in the Middle East and the impact of the sanctions and the use of existing multilateral in the present world order as the independent variable, limiting Iran's foreign policy and alongside the independent variables, between "area is characterized by tension and internal competition", lack of economic integration, the independent variable in the international system creates limitations for Iran's foreign policy has strengthened and Iran's foreign policy has prevented from reaching the development goals. America in the Persian Gulf is the main power is enormous and its impact on the region, including Iran. Using a tool such as sanctions, multilateral pressure and encouragement from international organizations and countries, especially Iran's neighbors in southern boundaries, limitations and obstacles in the way of Iran's foreign policy has left many. But the dominant power in Southeast Asia with other major powers such as China and Japan and strong institutions "such as the ASEAN" into equations to be competitive and balance, That is why countries like Malaysia with a more suitable space can advance its foreign policy towards economic developmentKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, MalaysiaKeywords: international system, restrictions, neorealism, Iran, Malaysia
خلاصه ماشینی:
و با کمک گرفتن از ابزارهای داخلی مانند اجماع نخبگان و دولت های توسعه خواه و بهره گیری از مزایای نظام بین الملل با استفاده از سیاست خارجی خلاق ، در جهت زدودن فقر از جوامع خود و فائق آمدن بر توسعه نیافتگی گام برداشته اند؛ اما با وجود تلاش این کشورها، موفقیت همۀ آنها به یک اندازه نبوده است ، ازجملۀ این کشورها، دو کشور ایران و مالزی را میتوان نام برد که دستاوردها و مسیر توسعۀ آنها متفاوت بوده است .
اگرچه آمریکا هنوز تأثیرگذارترین قدرت است و از نهادهای بین المللی و چندجانبه گرایی به نفع خود استفاده میکند، چنان که کنت والتز و همچنین ایکنبری اشاره دارند، ترس و توازن جویی دولت ها، زمینۀ محدودسازی و حتی افول هژمون خواهد بود و همان گونه که کیندل برگر گفته است ، اقتصاد سیاسی بین الملل از مرزهای سنتی گذشته است و در این عرصه ، کشورهای قدرتمند و نهادهای تأثیرگذار دیگر نیز بازیگران مهمی به حساب میآیند؛ بنابراین برای کشورهای کوچک و متوسط ، اجرای سیاست خارجی فعال در مسیر توسعه امکان پذیر است .
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