چکیده:
در اندیشه و تفکر اسلامی، خیال، جایگاه و اهمیت ویژه‌ای در آفرینش هنری دارد. ماهیت برزخی خیال، باعث شده که هر مفهوم و معنایی برای تجسم یافتن در دنیای محسوس، بایستی از خیال بگذرد. عالم خیال، واسطه بین معنا و محسوس است. انسان در خلق هنری، بیشتر از ادراک خیالی و قوه خیال خود بهره می‌گیرد. هنرمند قدسی در هنگام آفرینش فارغ از عالم محسوس عمل می‌کند. حتی در هنگام بازآفرینی طبیعت یا شی‌ای مادی نیز، تلاش می‌کند حقیقت و معنای آن را در اثرش متجلی سازد. قوه خیال هنرمند به او کمک می کند تا تصاویر و مفاهیم جدیدی، فراتر از ماده خلق کند. معنا در معماری و هنر اسلامی، نقشی بنیادین دارد. معمار همچون دیگر هنرمندان، با ادراک عالم ماده و شناخت آن به معانی، مفاهیم و ارزش‌های ازلی نائل می‌آید؛ و به یاری قوه خیال، این معانی را به صورت معماری و فضا در عالم محسوس، باز می‌آفریند.
هدف این پژوهش، تبیین جایگاه خیال به‌عنوان واسطه تجلی حوزه معانی در طرح معماری و نقش آن در فرایند طراحی معماری است. در این پژوهش، پیشینه مرتبط با خیال در اندیشه اسلامی در حوزه‌های عالم خیال و مراتب آن، ادراک خیالی، آفرینش و هنر قدسی، مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. این مقاله با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و متکی بر استنتاج به بررسی داده‌ها و مطالب گردآوری شده می‌پردازد.
مطالعات نشان می‌دهد؛ سیر نزولی «معنا، خیال، معماری» به عنوان یک فرآیند سه‌مرتبه‌‌ای، می‌تواند در طراحی معماری مورد توجه قرار گیرد. با کمک این فرآیند، حوزه‌های معنایی در معماری، همچون ارزش‌ها، نمادها و مفاهیم ذهنی طراح که با فرهنگ، اجتماع و درونیات فطری او مرتبط هستند؛ مورد توجه قرار می‌گیرند و به واسطه خیال در ایده معماری می‌نشینند. این فرآیند را می‌توان شامل سه مرحله اصلی دانست: توجه و دستیابی به مفاهیم و معانی، تبدیل این معانی به صورت‌های خیالی و طراحی اولیه، بازآفرینی این صورت‌ها در عالم محسوس به‌گونه‌ای که هم با عالم خیال و هم با محدودیت‌های عالم محسوس منطبق باشد (اثر معماری).
In Islamic thought, imagination has a special importance and place in artistic creation. The nature of imagination has created such opportunity to realize this fact the each spiritual affair to be imagined should occur partially and tangibly in imagination. In fact, the imagination is the interface between meaning and material and its images, on one hand, are similar to the matter and on the other hand, are separated from the body and spirit. With regards to such nature and capability of this power, using the imagination in the creation of valuable art and architecture is highly effective. The artist, like all other human beings, enjoys all aspects of perception, but uses his imaginative perception in artistic creation more than others. The artist expresses his mental concept, within the words or images or changes them into the sound, or makes it with brick and stone. In all of these creations, what the sacred artist creates in his mind is free of sense and the physical world. Even, when he recreates the nature in his works, it is not the same as nature, but his imagination and creativity power are reflected in his work. What is formed in the artist’s mind is partial with an image and hence is in the imaginative perception area. For this reason, what is created by artist is fully dependent on his imaginative power.
Like other arts, meaning in Islamic architecture is a fundamental and necessary concept which visualizes an imagination of the meaning world in a matter world by physical and non-physical factors. But, despite the critical role of meaning, current studies have not discussed such issue. In fact, the architect perceives the real world, but in his creation, he does not only imitate, but tries to manifest that fact. Hence, he starts recognition from the matter, but the more he progress, he makes his recognition deeper, separates from the mater and achieves the concepts and rationales. This process occurs in imagination world which is separated from the real world and the wisdom world perception is attained.
The present study aims at explaining the imagination position as the interface for manifestation of meanings in architecture design and its role in architecture design process. In this research, the background related to the imagination in Islamic thought in areas of imagination world and its steps, imaginative perception and sacred art and creation are investigated. By descriptive – analytic method focusing on the rational inference and reasoning, this study deals with the data and collected materials.
To start the design from meaning area, it is necessary to take areas of meaning into account. Meaning area in architecture is the same as the mental concepts of designers which is related to the culture, innate feelings and values of designer. Therefore, starting the design from the architectural qualities like life and presence in space paves the way to achieve the ideas with meaning substance. Trend of meaning manifestation in architectural works (architectural space and form) is made with the help of imagination. Accordingly, each concept or meaning should initially takes and imaginative aspect to become evident in the real and tangible world. Meaning comes from the designer’s entity and the imaginative images of meaning are manifested in architectural space and form. Enjoying the meaning movement is design process is: paying attention and achieving the concepts and meanings (meaning), transforming these meanings into the intellectual images and ideas creation (imagination), recreation of these images in tan bilge world while conforming with both the imagination world and limitations of tangible world (architecture work). Movement of the meaning of the tangible is understood by artist and movement of the tangible to meaning by the audience. For this reason, artist and audience, communicate through affecting each other.
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