فرهنگ و جنسیت در ارتباط غیر کلامی مقاله

رفتار غیر کلامی در روابط بین فردی افراد که از کشورهای مختلف و جنس متفاوت هستند نقش مهمی ایفا می کند. این مطالعه متقابل فرهنگی با هدف بررسی دانش نشانه های غیر کلامی در افراد ایرانی و ایتالیایی با در نظر گرفتن تفاوت های جنسیتی نیز صورت گرفته است. به منظور سنجش آگاهی از نشانه های غیر کلامی در نمونه 360 شرکت کننده ایتالیایی و 360 ایرانی از پرسشنامه غیر کلامی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می دهد که ، گروه ایتالیایی در نشانه های غیر کلامی رتبه بالاتری نسبت به گروه ایرانی کسب کرده است ، این بدان معناست که پیشینه های فرهنگی مختلف بر دانش افراد از نشانه های غیر کلامی تاثیر می گذارد و همچنین در گروه ایرانی ، زنان نرخ بالاتری نسبت به مردان دریافت می کنند. این نشان می دهد که زنان نسبت به مردان از دقت رمزگشایی غیرکلامی بیشتری برخوردار هستند.

Nonverbal behavior plays an important role in the interpersonal relationships of people who are from different countries and different sex. This cross-cultural study aims to investigate the knowledge of nonverbal cues in Iranian and Italian people taking into account the gender differences as well. a non-verbal questionnaire was utilized in order to evaluate the knowledge of nonverbal cues in samples of 360 Italian and 360 Iranian participants. The results exposed that, the Italian group got a higher rating in nonverbal cues than Iranian one, which means different cultural backgrounds affect the individuals’ knowledge of non-verbal cues, and also in the Iranian group, the women received higher rates than the men, indicating that the women have more non-verbal decoding accuracy compared to the men.

According to the earlier studies, gender differences in the non-verbal behavior of women and men are relatively small (Hall, Carter, & Horgan, 2000; Hall & Gunnery, 2013) but they still can be associated with significant results (Gifford, 2009; Hall, 2006). Men and women are different in communication process in variables such as word choices, conversation style, content of speech, the purpose of conversation, the purpose of the questions, the use of silence, the style of listening and speaking, the change of subject, interrupting the speech of the others and encouraging the continuation of the conversation (Goldshmidt & Weller, 2000; Hannah & Murachver, 1999; Heaton & Blake, 1999). Culture is another important factor in nonverbal behavior and communication which makes the people of different countries practice them differently (Burgoon, Guerrero, & Floyd, 2016; Matsumoto, 2006). The findings of the present study about the difference between women and men in the knowledge of non-verbal communication in the Iranian group are in line with the research that has been carried out before. , 2014; Chau, Cole, Massey, & Montoya-Weiss, 2002; Druckman, Benton, Ali, & Bagur, 1976; Greenbaum & Greenbaum, 1983; Henley & LaFrance, 1984; Ho, Bluestein, & Jenkins, 2008; Liu & McClure, 2001; Madsen, 1971; Marsh, Elfenbein, & Ambady, 2003; Vrij & Winkel, 1991; Zinkhan & Karande, 1991). , 2011; Behjat, Bayat, & Kargar, 2014; Lahsaeizadeh & Yousefinejad, 2012; Sadeghi, Mazaheri, Motabi, & Zahedi, 2012; Safarali & Hamidi, 2012; Zandpour & Sadri, 1996) to the best of our knowledge none has compared knowledge of none verbal cues of Iranians with that of a European country.