چکیده:
تابآوری مفهوم چند رشتهای است که ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی، زیست محیطی، زیرساختیهای کالبدی و فضایی را در بر می-گیرد. تابآوری اجتماعی بهعنوان توانایی گروهها یا جوامع برای مقابله با فشارها و آشفتگیهای بیرونی در مواجهه با تغییرات تحولات اجتماعی، سیاسی و محیطی مطرح میشود. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل تابآوری اجتماعی از منظر سرمایه اجتماعی بهعنوان مهمترین رکن این نوع از تابآوری در مناطق یک، شش و نوزده شهر تهران است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و روش گردآوری اطلاعات اسنادی و پیمایشی (پرسشنامه) بوده است. با استفاده از روشهای آماری همچون تحلیل عاملی و همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه، عوامل موثر بر تابآوری اجتماعی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که هشت عامل برای تابآوری اجتماعی از منظر سرمایه اجتماعی شامل عوامل ارزشها و باورها مشترک، حس تعلق مکانی، آگاهیدهنده، مشارکتپذیری، شبکههای اجتماعی-نهادی مدیریت بحران، صمیمیت و مسئولیتپذیری، اعتماد اجتماعی و اعتمادسازی نهادی قایل شناسایی است. تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که در منطقه یک میان میزان روابط اجتماعی و باورها و میان حس تعلق مکانی و آگاهی بالاترین همبستگی، در منطقه شش بیشترین همبستگی مربوط به متغیرهای اعتماد عمومی و نهادی و میزان روابط اجتماعی با آگاهی و حس تعلق مکان و در منطقه نوزده نیز بیشترین همبستگی مربوط به میزان روابط اجتماعی و اعتماد عمومی و نهادی و آگاهی است. مقایسه متغیرها نشان داد به جز آگاهی سایر متغیرها در ارتباط با مناطق منتخب معنیدار هستند. همچنین مقایسه کلی مناطق گویای آن است که منطقه نوزده شهر تهران وضعیت ضعیفتری را در خصوص تابآوری اجتماعی نشان میدهد.
Extended abstract Introduction Cities and residential communities are created or built in places that are exposed to all kinds of natural disasters or due to advances in technology. The approach that has been taken so far in disaster management and urban management has been more of a confrontational and risk reduction approach. The metropolis of Tehran is doubly important due to the fact that the most important city in Iran is politically-administratively and has a high population density in terms of population density, which is important to pay attention to resilience to all kinds of crises. Among the most important damages seen in Tehran are the high population density of the city, the location of some of its areas on the fault, the instability in terms of geology, the worn-out tissue, air pollution, the lack of a plan and operational capability for disaster and crisis management. The purpose of this study is to analyze social resilience in three regions 1, 6 and 19 of Tehran. The reasons for choosing these areas, in addition to the above-mentioned geographical distribution and spatial coverage, topographic and class differences (socio-economic), to some extent climatic differences, physical differences and the existence of dangerous areas such as proximity and crossing faults such as Mosha Fault, North Tehran Fault, Rey Fault has been one of these areas in Tehran. Methodology The present study is descriptive-analytical and has a practical aspect. The method of data collection was documentary and survey. The statistical population is citizens of districts one, six and nineteen of Tehran. The reason for choosing these areas is to be located in three parts of north, center and south, the difference in the wear and tear of residential tissue, the existence of some areas of natural hazards such as flooding and faults, as well as significant population density in these areas. The sample size was estimated to be 230 using the Cochran's formula. Sampling was done randomly with the help of questionnaire tools and face-to-face questioning of the sample. Credibility of the questionnaire was performed through content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire and its value was 0.854, which shows that the internal correlation between the items is high and the reliability of the questionnaire is desirable. The reliability of each variable was also calculated separately, all above 0.7. The information was obtained using a questionnaire and after compiling it with SPSS software, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance and follow-up tests were used to achieve the objectives of this research. The principal component was selected to determine the most important variables. To explain the variables, their common dimensions (factors) were used. In the next step, correlation was used to examine the relationships between variables in relation to social capital after resilience. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey and Duncan follow-up tests were used to better group and analyze the variables and compare the selected areas. Results and conclusion The results of factor analysis and the Warimax cycle showed that eight factors for social resilience from the perspective of social capital, including factors of shared values and beliefs, sense of spatial belonging, awareness, participation, social-institutional networks Crisis management, intimacy and accountability, social trust and institutional trust building were identified. Social capital has a positive and significant effect on resilience, empowerment and innovative performance. Geographical communities, with high levels of social capital, collective effectiveness, and access to socio-economic resources, also perform significantly better after a crisis. The impact of spatial affiliation on increasing social capital can be achieved through variables such as participation, in other words, in an indirect causal relationship, strengthening the sense of spatial affiliation increases participation and increases social capital. Lack of participation of individuals in issues such as education, lack of information and awareness of relevant organizations in relation to education or in other words, creating skills and awareness and empowering citizens in the face of crises reduces social resilience. According to the results of correlation analysis in region one, the highest correlation is related to the variables of social relations and beliefs and the lowest correlation is related to the variables of awareness and social relations. The use of cultural sites as a strong point is aimed at raising citizens' awareness, which this research does not support. In fact, other factors besides cultural spaces such as empowerment and skills of citizens, their awareness of the performance of officials and the preparation and implementation of projects can be effective in the resilience of region one and as found for this region in This is not true. In region six, there is no significant relationship between some variables, and among them, the highest level of meaningful relationship is related to the variables of public and institutional trust and sense of place. The least correlation between variables is related to awareness and beliefs. However, based on one-way analysis of variance, this region has the most favorable status among other study areas. In the nineteenth district of Tehran, there is no complete significant relationship between any of the variables, and among them, the highest level of meaningful relationship is related to the public trust variable, which with the variables of social relations, sense of place, awareness and beliefs. There is a meaningful relationship. Examining the correlation between variables shows that the highest correlation is related to awareness of social relations and public and institutional trust. Compared to the other two regions, this region shows a weaker situation in relation to social resilience and is more exposed to various harms. In general, based on the results of this study, it can be noted that the use of local social networks and transparency of city officials in relation to crisis management and informing citizens about various issues and public spaces for In times of crisis, increasing and strengthening the sense of belonging to the place causes social resilience in different areas of Tehran.