تحلیل احساس امنیت مردم محلی در روستاهای گردشگری شهرستان نیشابور مقاله

امنیت مسئله بسیار مهمی در توسعه می‌باشد. بر این اساس وجود احساس امنیت بستر مناسبی برای تحولات جدید خواهد بود. زیرا احساس امنیت حالتی است که آحاد جامعه هراس و بیمی نسبت به حقوق و آزادی‌های مشروع نداشته و به‌هیچ‌وجه حقوق آنان به مخاطره نیفتد. اما در برخی شرایط ممکن است امنیت یک مکان تحت تاثیر عواملی دستخوش دگرگونی گردد. در شرایط امروزی کاهش همگونی اجتماعی به واسطه ورود افراد خارج از اجتماع مانند گردشگران می‌تواند یکی از دلایل کاهش امنیت به ویژه در مکان‌های کوچک مانند روستاها باشد. به همین دلیل در این مطالعه سعی شده احساس امنیت روستاییان در روستاهایی که هدف گردشگری هستند بررسی شود. بر این اساس روش‌شناسی این پژوهش از نوع پژوهش‌های توصیفی– تحلیلی است و از نظر هدف پژوهشی، کاربردی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 10 روستای هدف گردشگری شهرستان نیشابور می‌باشند. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از کل روستا‌های نمونه، با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 117 نفر انتخاب گردید. روایی شاخص‌ها از طریق پانل کارشناسان و پایایی نیز با آلفای‌کرونباخ مورد تایید قرار گرفت. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و برای رتبه‌بندی روستاها از مدل waspas و نرم افزار GIS استفاده‌شده است با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مقایسه میانگین احساس امنیت در دو گروه زنان و مردان می‌توان بیان کرد که زنان نسبت به مردان احساس امنیت بیشتری دارند؛ اما درمجموع در هر دو گروه احساس امنیت پایین‌تر از حد متوسط 3 می‌باشد. همچنین با توجه به نتایج تحلیل عاملی گویه‌های برخورد با افراد مزاحم، امنیت خالی گذاشتن منزل در طول شبانه‌روز و رعایت موازین اخلاقی توسط گردشگر بیشترین بار عاملی را به دست آوردند. نتایج تحلیل فضایی تفاوت احساس امنیت در روستاهای نمونه نشان می‌دهد که روستای بوژآباد با امتیاز 0. 371 دارای بیشترین و روستای غار با امتیاز 0. 291 دارای کمترین سطح اطمینان امنیت هستند.

Extended Abstract Introduction The sense of security in rural areas is associated with many factors, including the presence of foreigners and strangers from outside the village. As rural security is one of the most important factors in expanding tourism in rural areas, sometimes tourism in a village plays a significant role in improved sense of security of local people. Therefore, villages as a biological location that includes a dense population of diverse individuals and unique attractions will be able to perform their special functions only if the residents have an acceptable level of sense of security. For this reason, in this study, we tried to measure the sense of security among the villagers living in rural tourism destinations. Neyshabur County attracts many tourists thanks to its geographical and historical situation, as well as proximity to main roads. In addition, as the villages in this county are situated on the slope of the mountains, they are surrounded by numerous springs, waterfalls, and other natural attractions which attract many local and non-local tourists, which can serve as an important source of increased income for the villagers. Nevertheless, one of the important factors in development of tourism in the villages is the satisfaction of the villagers with the presence of tourists and the sense of security of the local people. Therefore, this research analyzes and evaluates the sense of security of local people in tourism villages. Review of Literature Security in tourism destinations is one of the main factors of tourism development. Security is one of the fundamental principles in the development of tourism strategy, because the long-term sustainability of tourism industry depends on provision of security, and the disruption of its mechanism makes way for insecurity of that tourism destination. Security and tourism are the parameters of an equation which are directly co-related. Today, security is the most important and fundamental principle in formulating the tourism development strategies. There is a mutual relationship between tourism, stability, development and security. Thus, tourism and security are interdependent and they mutually interact with each other, as they can have a decreasing or increasing effect on each other. Following are some studies on the subject of research: (Heydarnejad et al, 2015: Investigating the role of security feeling in the development of border tourism (case study: Chabahar border town)), (Golshiri Esfahani et al, 2013: Spatial Analysis of Health Tourists Security in the Rural Areas of Iran), (Karami Dehkordi et al, 2013: Identification and Prioritization of Security Obstacles in Rural Tourism Development by using Delphi Technique (Research Area: Chehar-Mahal & Bakhtiary)), (Hezar Jaribi, 2011: Feeling Social Security from the Viewpoint of Tourism Expansion), (Khosravi, 2009: Security is the most important component in attracting tourists), (Choon Chiang, 2000: Strategies for Safety and Security in Tourism: A conceptual framework for the Singapore Hotel Industry), (Ghaderia et al, 2017: Does security matter in tourism demand?), (Prashyanusorn et al, 2010: Surveillance system for sustainable tourism with safety and privacy protection) & (Fan et al, 2013: AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Computer Analysis Software Used in Tourism Safety). Method  This study was an applied one conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. Five security dimensions (human life, cultural, social, economic and environmental incentives) have been used to measure the sense of security among the locals in tourism villages. The data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions about security dimensions. In total, 39 items were designed and questioned in 5 dimensions. The statistical sample of this study consists of 10 tourism villages in Fazl and Mazol rural districts of Neyshabur County which in 2016 had a population of 2417 households. Therefore, according to Cochran formula and with a 0.1% error rate for households in sample villages, the sample size was 95, after some modifications it was raised to 117. Findings and Discussion The results of the t-test indicate that the local community has a low sense of security. Besides, according to the results of the independent two sample t-test, women feel more secure than men. However, it's worth noting that men feel less secure than women because they are much more in contact with the tourists than women do. According to the results of the factor analysis for the items of ‘dealing with intruders’, ‘the sense of security while leaving the house unguarded during the day’ and ‘the tourists following the ethical standards’ had the highest factor loads. This reveals that villagers in rural tourism destinations believe that the above items have the highest impact on the security of the area. The results of spatial analysis of the differences in the sense of security in sample villages showed that the village of Bojabad with the score of 0.371 and the village of Ghar with the score of 0.291 respectively have demonstrated the highest and lowest levels of the sense of security, as these villages have numerous attractions which attract tourists from different cultures and tastes and usually favor the youth. Conclusion In general, the presence of tourists in the rural tourism destinations of the region has led to decreased level of the sense of security among local people. Accordingly, local people feel that crimes have increased in villages due to the presence of tourists. Therefore, as the presence of tourists makes villagers feel less secure, the following suggestions are made to improve tourism security in the region: - To make promotional programs for development of tourism culture - To develop and improve security services - To encourage the family tourism - To establish NGOs in the region

Prashyanusorn et al) ازآنجاییکه درک ایمنـی و امنیـت یکـی از عوامـل تعیـین کننـده در تصمیم گیری مسافران برای بازدید از یک مکان و همچنین در حوزه فعالیت های مسافرین در مقصد است ، نبود امنیت منجر به کاهش قابل توجه در تقاضای گردشگری می شود که در نهایت نه تنها منجر بـه کـاهش 1. برخی مطالعات انجام شده در مورد موضوع پژوهش نام پژوهشگر عنوان پژوهش یافته هاو محتوی در این پژوهش محققان به این نتیجه رسیده اند که میزان احساس امنیت گردشگران در منطقه مورد مطالعه متوسط رو به بالا است و بین احساس بررسی نقش احساس امنیت در توسعه حیدرنژاد و امنیت و گردشگری رابطه مستقیمی وجود دارد. در ادامه به ذکر انواع امنیت پرداخته شده است : ١-امنیت مالی (اقتصادی) به معنای ایجاد آن چنان نظمی در اجزا و بخش های مختلف اقتصادی جامعه است که افراد را از احساس خطر، نسبت به کمبود و فقدان لوازم و امکانات اساسی موردنیاز خود مصـون دارد، نمونه بارز تعریف مفهومی این بعد امنیت ، بـازار و بانـک اسـت ( ,afshari naderi &salehi amiri (2011: 6-٢ 7- امنیت جانی به معنای تضمین جسم و جان افراد در مقابل خطرات و آسیب هایی است که مـانع از ادامه حیات آن ها شود، به عبارت دیگر هرگونه تهدیدی که علیه جان انسان ها وجـود داشـته باشـد، امنیـت جانی آن ها را از بین می برد، بنابراین شرایط امنیت جانی، شرایطی است که هیچ گونه تهدیـدی علیـه جـان افراد جامعه وجود نداشته باشد(٨٢ :٢٠١٠ . Investigating the role of security feeling in the development of border tourism )case study: Chabahar border town(. An analysis of social security, Strategic Studies Quarterly, 6)19(: 55-78.