چکیده:
مفهوم پایداری، تأمین نیازهای امروز را بدون به مخاطره انداختن نیاز آیندگان، مورد توجه قرار میدهد. توسعه پایدار مشتمل بر چهار بعد زیستمحیطی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی است. در این میان بعد فرهنگی در پایداری توسعه، بعدی متأخر و در عین حال مهم است. این مقاله بر آن است تا بعد فرهنگی پایداری را به عنوان رکنی مهم از رویکرد پایداری معرفی کند و ضمن بررسی اهمیت و ضرورتهای توجه به این بُعد، به تبیین شاخصهای برنامهریزی برمبنای رویکرد پایداری فرهنگی بپردازد. در عین حال برای تشریح بهتر موضوع، برنامهریزی فرهنگی در دو نمونه کانادا و امریکا مورد بررسی دقیق و تفصیلی قرار میگیرد و در ادامه در بررسیای تطبیقی، برنامهریزی فرهنگی در شهر تهران بررسی میشود. نتایج بررسیها نشان از آن دارند که محورها و اهداف مورد توجه در برنامهریزی فرهنگی در نمونههای کانادا و امریکا با تأکید بر تحقق اهداف پایداری فرهنگی است. از آنجا که اهتمام به فرهنگ از مکانمحورترین ابعاد برنامهریزی است، اهمیت توجه به آن در برنامهریزی فرهنگی شهر تهران نیز با هدفِ رسیدن به پایداری فرهنگی احساس میشود. در این زمینه ضروری است که شهرداری تهران، به عنوان نهادی اجرایی، رویکرد و شاخصهای مورد توجه در تحقق پایداری فرهنگی را با نگرشی جهانی و در چارچوبی محلی مورد توجه قرار دهد.
AbstractWhile a glance to sustainability reveals its first definitions with the most emphasis on taking advantagefrom resources without compromising future needs, cultural sustainability is a term which is rather placeorientedor at least place-related; not only because each community has its specific culture and valuesystems but also for the variety and diversity of its residents’ needs and desires. Moreover culture can bedefined as an ability to retain cultural identity and to allow change to be guided in ways that are consistentwith the cultural values of the people. Also culture is seen as an important contribution to all of the otherfields, including social, and provides a contextual explanation which incorporates diversity andunderstanding. Hence, mostly due to the pressure of cultural issues and, most importantly, the increasingthreats posed by rapid globalization to local identities, culture has gradually emerged out of the realm ofsustainability and is now recognized as having a separate, distinct, and integral role. Within thecommunity development field, culture is defined broadly as being the whole complex of distinctivespiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or a social group. Itincludes not only the arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being,value systems, traditions and beliefs, etc. (UNESCO, 1995). Within the sustainability field, culture isdiscussed in terms of cultural capital, defined as “traditions and values, heritage and place, the arts,diversity and social history” (Roseland, 2005). The stock of cultural capital, both tangible and intangible,is what we inherit from past generations and what we will pass on to the future ones. However, achievingthe culturally sustained urban places is an objective which cannot be met exclusively by the manipulationof the physical environment, and in considering the wide range of elements which must be incorporated inachieving sustainability, it is more often the non-physical variables that are the most effective ones. Themain objective of this article is to determine the priority of culture in programming toward sustainabledevelopment. To get more focus on the issue, two case-studies (United States and Canada) has been takento study and investigate their main indicators which are effective on cultural programming. Finally thefindings of this study are compared with the indicators and the stakeholders in the city of Tehranconcerning the cultural issues. The outcome of the research reveals that cultural diversity and enforcementof cultural identities are fundamental goals towards cultural sustainability. Hence, as long as culture isassumed as a high rated aspect in sustainable development, it’s quite important for the municipality of ametropolis (such as Tehran) to have its own indicators in supporting local identities and characteristics.