پیش‌بینی رضایت از زندگی بر اساس سبک‌های دلبستگی و قدردانی در سالمندان ساکن آسایشگاه مقاله

سالمندی یکی از دوران‌های مهم زندگی هر شخص است که اگر با رضایت و کیفیت سپری نشود، می‌تواند پیامدهای منفی جسمانی و روانی برای فرد، خانواده و جامعه بر جای بگذارد. با توجه به تغییر ساختار سنی جمعیت ایران از جوانی به سالمندی، متغیرهای پیش‌بین‌ رضایت از زندگی در این گروه مورد توجه پژوهشگران بسیاری قرار گرفته است. بنابراین هدف مطالعه حاضر پیش‌بینی رضایت از زندگی بر اساس ابعاد دلبستگی و قدردانی در سالمندان بود. پژوهش حاضر مطالعه‌ای توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان مقیم آسایشگاه‌های سالمندی استان یزد در سال 1399 بود که از میان آنان، آسایشگاه‌ سالمندی فاطمه الزهرا (س) شهر تفت به صورت دردسترس انتخاب و از بین سالمندان این سرا تعداد 110 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه‌های رضایت از زندگی دینر و همکاران، تجدید نظر شده روابط نزدیک برن، کلارک و شیور و قدردانی مک‌کالو و همکاران پاسخ دادند. داده‌های به دست آمده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 24 و با روش‌های همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج به دست آمده از ضریب همبستگی حاکی از آن بود که از بین متغیرهای پیش‌بین، دلبستگی اجتنابی و قدردانی به ترتیب به صورت منفی و مثبت با رضایت از زندگی رابطه داشتند، اما دلبستگی اضطرابی با رضایت از زندگی رابطه معنادار نداشت. همچنین نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد از میان دو متغیر دلبستگی اجتنابی و قدردانی، تنها متغیر قدردانی قادر به پیش‌بینی معنادار رضایت از زندگی بود (0/05>P). این متغیر توانست 44 درصد از تغییرات متغیر رضایت از زندگی را تبیین کند. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان گفت کهقدردانی به عنوان یک ویژگی مثبت و ارزشمند، با تاثیر بر تعاملات اجتماعی و تغییر مثبت دیدگاه فرد نسبت به زندگی، رضایت از زندگی را در سالمندان پیش‌بینی می‌کند.

Elderly is one of the most important periods of every person’s life, which can have negative physical and psychological consequences for the individual, family and society if not spent with satisfaction and quality. Due to the change in the age structure of Iran's population from youth into old age, many researchers have considered the predictor variables of the life satisfaction in this age group. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to predict life satisfaction based on attachment styles and gratitude in the elderly. This was a descriptive study of correlational type. The statistical population consisted of the all elderly living in nursing homes of Yazd, Iran, among which Fatemeh Al-Zahra nursing home in Taft was selected. Selected using convenience sampling method were 110 people who filled out the satisfaction with life scale (Diener et al.), experiences in close relationships-revised (Brennan, Clark & Shaver), gratitude questionnaire (McCullough et al). 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