چکیده:
The process of translation from one language into another is a very sensitive job as the translator needs to give importance to the cultural aspects of translation. Newmark (1988) points out five areas from which cultural items may come and twenty strategies for the translation of Culture-Specific-Items (CSIs).This research focused on translating CSIs in eight entrances of Saadi’s Gulistan and its two translations by a native and a non-native Persian translator. Through a quantitative and qualitative investigation, the research attempted to consider the application of Newmark's cultural category to distinguish CSIs. The data extracted from the corpus were rated by two raters to calculate inter-rater reliability.Consequently, two hundred twenty two CSIs were detected in the corpus and the results of data gathering and analysis indicated that "synonymy" was the most frequently employed strategy for translating CSIs by the two translators. This paper presents new insights in the field of CSI translation.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Strategies Applied by Native and Non-native Translators to Transfer Persian Culture-Specific Items: A Case Study on Saadi's Gulistan Marjan Rouhi, Maryam Niami* Department of English Language, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran %%Citation Rouhi, M.
Strategies applied by native and non-native translators to transfer Persian culture-specific items: a case study on Saadi's Gulistan.
The present research has been conducted in order to find the answer to the following questions: 1- Which translation strategies of Newmark’s theory (Newmark, 1988) have been applied by the native and the non-native translators in translating Culture-Specific Items in Saadi’s Gulistan?
There are twenty strategies for translation of CSIs namely transference, literal translation, naturalization, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalent, componential analysis, synonymy, through-translation, shifts, recognized translation, modulation, translation label, paraphrase, compensation, reduction and expansion, deletion, metaphors, couplets and notes, additions, glosses.
Data Analysis Procedure After categorizing the CSIs according to Newmark’s taxonomy and finding their equivalents in the TTs, Newmark’s strategies were applied in the TTs of Saadi’s Gulistan by the two translators, including transference, literal translation, naturalization, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalent, componential analysis, synonymy, through-translation, shifts, recognized translation, modulation, translation label, paraphrase, compensation, reduction and expansion, deletion, metaphors, couplets and notes, additions, glosses.
For quantitative data analysis, the collected data were arranged in order to show the frequency of Newmark’s strategies applied for translating the CSIs. Results Examples of culture-specific items in Saadi's Gulistan can be found using Newmark's five categories.