چکیده:
تالاب‌ها ازجمله اکوسیستم‌های با ارزش شناخته می‌شوند که به سبب عملکردهای متنوع خود، ارزش‌های کارکردی قابل‌برنامه‌ریزی دارند. کنوانسیون رامسر شامل معیارهایی برای تالابهای بین المللی است که هر تالاب باید به این معیارها عمل کنند تا به عنوان تالابی بین المللی شناخته شوند. با توجه به معیار نخست این کنوانسیون تالابی بین‌المللی است که شاخص و کمیاب و منحصر به فرد باشد. از این رو تحقق این معیار در تالاب شادگان با استفاده از برنامه ریزی خطی و نرم افزار لینگو مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هدف از انجام این پژوهش معرفی شرایط بهینه برای تالاب و محاسبه مساحت کلی و پهنه مربوطه به تفکیک انواع زیستگاه آبی است. مدل تعریف شده در لینگو شامل محاسبه مقدار 81 هزار هکتار به عنوان مساحت کلی بهینه و مقادیر 100،48،11 هزار هکتار به عنوان مساحت بهینه برای سه پهنه شیرین، شور و لب شور است. مساحت سه پهنه در وضعیت موجود از طریق شاخص آبی برابر با 100،27،8 شد. از طریق نسبت گیری بین وضع موجود و بهینه، حداقل مساحت قابل قبول نیز برآورد شد. نتایج این بررسی حاکی از آن بود که معیار نخست کنوانسیون در شرایط فعلی تالاب تأمین می شود.
Wetlands are known as valuable ecosystems that have programmable functional values (economic, social, ecological) due to their diverse functions. Wetland conservation is a priority for most governments and communities. Wetland extinction is associated with the extinction of the functions and services of these ecosystems. Among the valuable services and functions of wetlands can be water storage and flood prevention, nutrient stabilization, plant and aquatic harvesting, biodiversity conservation and nature development, primary production, waste decomposition, food networks, element and gas rotation (phosphorus, nitrogen rotation). , Sulfur) pointed out. . Considering the importance of wetlands in the protection of biodiversity and emphasizing the approach and the role they play in meeting the needs of human societies, also for the wise use of these ecosystems, the Convention on the Conservation of Wetlands of February 2, 1971 ( 13 February 1349) was formed in the city of Ramsar. The purpose of the Ramsar Convention is to ensure the protection and reasonable use of wetlands through local, regional, national and international cooperation to achieve sustainable development around the world. Currently, 171 countries, covering 2,409 wetland sites, with a total area of more than 254 million hectares, are participating in the protection of these bodies of water under the Ramsar Convention. Iran has registered 25 sites in total with an area of about 1.5 million hectares in the list of Ramsar Convention. However, the areas registered in the Ramsar Convention from the collection of wetlands and lakes of the country, do not include only the water body and include service areas around the natural wetland and even a collection of natural and man-made wetlands (such as the site of Fereydoun) A title is listed in Ramsar. Therefore, Iran's registration sites in the Ramsar list include 41 different lakes and wetlands. The Ramsar Convention for the Selection of Wetlands Eligible for Entry into International Aquatic Formations has established standards since 1980, which it revised in 1996. The recent criteria consist of 9 criteria in two separate groups. According to the first group of criteria of the convention, the wetland must be "rare or unique sample specimens". Following the introduction of eligibility criteria for the Ramsar Convention, the same criteria will be used for the optimal management of wetland host countries. Accordingly, a list is published in the Ramsar Convention called the Montreux List, which refers to wetlands that have deviated from the Ramsar Convention criteria and are temporarily removed from the Ramsar Wetlands List. The Montreux Index is a list of international wetlands where changes in the environmental characteristics of wetlands have occurred or are occurring, which may be the product of technological developments, pollution or other human interventions. Host countries have the opportunity to improve management and improve conditions. Improve and return the wetland to the Ramsar list. Currently, 47 wetlands from 26 countries are on the Montreux list, with the most Montreux sites belonging to Greece with 7 sites, followed by Iran with 6 sites. Currently, one of the challenges facing the country in the field of wetland management is the existence of 6 Ramsar sites in the Montreux list, and many efforts are being made by the Wetlands Office in the Environmental Protection Agency to remove these wetlands from the Montreux list. However, achieving a coherent and programmable methodology can accelerate this process and be based on scientific principles. Shadegan International Site is one of the wetlands registered in the Ramsar Convention, which together with Khoralamieh and Khor Musa with an area of 400,000 hectares in 1975 (04/02/1354 solar) four years after the conclusion of the Ramsar Convention with reference number 2100 Ramsar was registered. After developing the criteria of Ramsar Convention, this wetland was identified as complying with criteria 1 to 6 of the Convention. Unfortunately, in the last two decades, the development of human activities in the field of industry and agriculture has disrupted the natural conditions of this wetland and has caused a decrease in the quality of environmental conditions and loss of the wetland's eligibility in some criteria of the convention. . One of the criteria of the Ramsar Convention for considering an international wetland as its index is its rarity and uniqueness. Shadegan wetland, which is in accordance with the first criterion of Ramsar Convention, has turned it into an index wetland with unique features. The purpose of this study is to use linear programming in optimizing Shadegan wetland in fulfilling the first criterion of Ramsar Convention, in order to evaluate the status of this criterion in Shadegan site in order to help it be removed from the Montreux list. In this research, the linear programming model with the objectives: 1- Determining the values of target variables in the three zones of sweet, salty and lush of the wetland 2- Determining the optimal total value of the wetland of the wetland within the criteria of Ramsar Convention 1, will be examined. This research seems to be the first use of linear programming to analyze the status of Ramsar Convention criteria, and no other similar approach is observed both at home and abroad. The minimum acceptable area with respect to the highest area of the wetland water body was defined as the objective function of this criterion. The variables and constraints of this objective function were identified based on the three zones mentioned and the coefficient of each variable was calculated according to the habitat dependence of birds. The results of the research using Lingo software show the minimum frame area
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