چکیده:
ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن را ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت، اﻓﻌﺎل و ﺣﺎﻻﺗﺶ ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﻣﯽ داﻧﺪ. ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا وﺟﻮد اﺻﯿﻞ اﺳﺖ، وﻟﯽ وﺟﻮداﻧﺴﺎن ازآن ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻪ داﺋﻤﺎ درﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺖ ازﻣﻮﺟﻮدات دﯾﮕﺮﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺟﻮﻫﺮی ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ درﻣﺴﯿﺮاﺷﺘﺪاد اﺗﺼﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﺮﻟﺤﻈﻪ ازﺣﺪی ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ دﯾﮕﺮارﺗﻘﺎ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ وﺑﻪ درﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺘﺮی ازوﺟﻮد ﻧﺎﯾﻞ ﮔﺮدد، ﺑﺪﯾﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ درداﻣﻦ ﺑﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻇﻬﻮرﻣﯽ رﺳﺪوﻟﯽ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﻪ درﺟﺎت ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮی ازﺗﺠﺮد ﻧﺎﯾﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﮐﻪ دﯾﮕﺮﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮان آن را درﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪن و ﺣﺎﻻت ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻗﺮارداد. اﻧﺴﺎن دروﺟﻮد وﺑﻘﺎی ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ذات ﺧﻮد اﮐﺘﻔﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ واز دﯾﮕﺮان ﺑﯽ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﺎدام ﮐﻪ درﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﻗﺮار دارد، ﺑﺮای ادراک ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳﺎت ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ آﻻت و ﻗﻮای ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻔﺲ دراﺑﺘﺪای ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ ﺧﻮد دارای ﯾﮏ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺎدی اﺳﺖ وﻟﯽ درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺠﺮدﻋﻘﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ. ﺟﺴﻢ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ اﺳﺖ و آن را درﺟﺎده زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮد. دراﻧﺴﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻼﺻﺪراﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ و ﻋﻠﻢ اﺻﯿﻞ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻼﺻﺪراﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ و ﺣﮑﻤﺖ را ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ آدﻣﯽ ﻣﯽ داﻧﺪ، ﻧﻮع ﺻﻮر اﺧﺮوی و ﻇﻬﻮر اﻓﮑﺎر و اﻋﻤﺎل اﻧﺴﺎن درﻋﺎﻟﻢ آﺧﺮت ﺑﺮاﻋﺘﻘﺎدات ﺣﻖ و ﺑﺎﻃﻞ او و ﺑﺮاﺧﻼق ﻧﯿﮏ و ﺑﺪ او ﻣﺘﺮﺗﺐ اﺳﺖ.
Mulla Sadra believes humans through attributes, actions and feelings can be known. From his point of view, the existence is original, but human one is different from other creatures because it constantly is in the process of perfectness. Based on the process of the human progress in the path of intensity of connectivity, they improve to high levels every moment until get reach to the highest standards of ideal imagination of creature’s existence that is the Caliph of Allah, so the soul at the beginning of Genesis has a material existence, but by the light of educational system will achieve higher ranks of independency, so that it can no longer be considered throughout the body. Human beings in their survival levels need others. Soul, in the ranks of nature, require the different senses and materials for perception of obvious or perceptible things. In this point of view, body does not carry soul but soul carry the body. In Mulla Sadra's anthropology, knowledge and philosophy is the truth of man, type of human actions and emergence of thoughts in the hereafter is managed based on the right and wrong believes and mortality.