چکیده:
The proximity of philosophy and literature has been endured since the dawn of time, both holding their stand among the critical thinkers from the ancient age to the modern time. A wide range of schools and thoughts have come to the stage of philosophy, one of the last ones being the Frankfurt School, whose notions target the social life of human beings and their interpersonal connections, which have been affected by the tragic events of the twentieth century. Jurgen Habermas, as the prominent figure of the Frankfurt School, turns down the challenging thoughts of his peers and expands the theory of “Communicative Action” through which he propounds the essentiality of reason and the importance of a constructive interaction among people with different social classes using a common and practical language. The post-war literature and specifically drama of absurd being known with significant figures like Samuel Beckett found a widespread prominence not only in the field of literature but also extended toward other fields like philosophy. In this analysis, through the works of Samuel Beckett, known as the predecessor of the absurdist drama, the dichotomy of ideas between the death of communication posited by Beckett and the efficiency of language supported by Habermas have been investigated
خلاصه ماشینی:
Jurgen Habermas, as the prominent figure of the Frankfurt School, turns down the challenging thoughts of his peers and expands the theory of “Communicative Action” through which he propounds the essentiality of reason and the importance of a constructive interaction among people with different social classes using a common and practical language.
In this light, the Frankfurt School has been placed among those movements which puts a lot of effort dealing with the involuted discussions concerning the cultural and philosophical issues along with well-known theorist and philosophers like Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, and Weber with which they share a similar philosophy and target to expand a critical theory of modern era’s society as the interdisciplinary works.
His theory, being a response to the extensive and worldwide notions and works of literary figures like Samuel Beckett propounding the meaninglessness of language and the deficiency of proper communication among human beings, tries to point out the issues related to human language, its roots, how it works in a social context, and the essence of connection that exists between the language that they employ and the ability of people to perceive the world around them.
Following other distinguished philosophers like Adorno, Marcuse, Horkheimer and his precursors, the second-generation member of the Frankfurt School, Habermas, denies the Marxian ideas concerning Self and Other by claiming that the social theory of present time must provide a right field for the human beings to regain their voice as the subjects and not to be treated as objects.