چکیده:
The study of circumstances surrounding the development of record-keeping for information purposes, and of what these records
looked like in prehistoric human societies has always been of significance in archaeological research. Such research is important
because it relates to the beginnings of the use of accounting which came to be one of the main elements of institutionalized management
and bureaucracies under urbanization and in historical periods. Tepe Zāgheh is one of the key sites during the transitional period from
Neolithic to Chalcolithic period in the Qazvin Plain, having provided a considerable collection of tokens (counting objects) in addition
to various other pieces of the archaeological evidence discovered in the excavations carried out there. Thus 238 Zāgheh tokens were
available for typological study and theoretical analysis. The principal goals of this paper are to re-identify accounting and reckoning
systems at Tepe Zāgheh and to identify the evolutionary stages of these systems in Zāgheh. It is apparent from implemented studies
that Zāgheh society had an early form of accounting system for keeping track of farming products and of animal counts, and that tokens
were the principal devices used in this process
خلاصه ماشینی:
An Archaeological Study of the Tokens from Tepe Zāgheh, Qazvin Plain, Irān Niloufar Moghimi University of Tehran, Iran Hassan Fazeli Nashli University of Tehran, Iran Received: May 23, 2015 Accepted: July 9, 2015 The study of circumstances surrounding the development of record-keeping for information purposes, and of what these re- cords looked like in prehistoric human societies has always been of significance in archaeological research.
Tepe Zāgheh is one of the key sites during the transitional period from Neolithic to Chalcolithic period in the Qazvin Plain, having provided a considerable collection of tokens (counting objects) in addition to various other pieces of the archaeological evidence discovered in the excavations carried out there.
Abstract: Keywords: Irān, Qazvin plain, Tepe Zāgheh, Accounting system, Counting objects / Tokens, Transitional period from Neolithic to Chalcolithic Introduction One of the significant topics of archaeological debate has been the study of the process and circumstances of socio- cultural evolution of human societies.
Noteworthy collections exist of various types of tokens from excavations at Tepe Zāgheh, providing an appropriate research base for examining the accounting system in prehistoric societies of the Qazvin Plain, the subject with which this paper deals.
3 In total, seven main types with subtypes were recognized, all of them "plain tokens," comprising: (1) cone, (2) sphere, (3) disk, (4) oval, (5) quadrangle, (6) hyperboloid, and (7) tetrahedron (Table 2; Figure 6).
Excavation by the Department of Archaeology of Tehran University at International Journal of the Society of Iranian Archaeologists Tepe Zāgheh, Qazvin Plain (Autumn 1390 A.