چکیده:
ویروس کرونا به دلیل جدید بودن، سهولت و سرعت انتقال همراه با پوشش گسترده رسانهها موجب اضطراب بینالمللی و اعمال محدودیتهای مسافرتی توسط سازمان بهداشت شد. در ایران از مردم خواسته شد تا سفرهای غیر ضروری را لغو کنند اما با شروع تعطیلات گردشگران بسیاری به شهرهای گردشگرپذیر از جمله شهرستان رامسر در استان مازندران سفر کردند؛ باتوجه به تعطیلی مراکز اقامتی و گردشگری، بخش غالب گردشگران ورودی به شهرستان رامسر گردشگرانی بودند که مالک خانهدوم در این شهر هستند و گردشگران خانههای دوم محسوب میشوند، در این راستا این پژوهش برآن است تا علل گردشگری خانههای دوم در ایام شیوع ویروس کرونا را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. جامعهی آماری پژوهش گردشگرانی بودند که در بهار و تابستان 1399 باتوجه به شیوع ویروس کرونا به شهرستان رامسر سفر کردند. در پژوهش حاضر از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی استفاده شد و بهمنظور بررسی روایی محتوای پرسشنامه با کارشناسان مشورتهای لازم صورت گرفت و برای بررسی پایایی از روش آلفای کرونباخ شد، که برابر با 8/0 بود. برای تحلیل دادهها و اولویتبندی متغیرها از نرم افزار SPSS22 استفاده شدهاست. یافتهها نشان میدهد که مالکیت، قوانین و مقررات، ویژگیهای شخصیتی و ویژگیهای منطقه به ترتیب بیشترین شدت ارتباط را با گردشگری خانههای دوم در ایام قرنطینه داشتند.
IntroductionThe corona virus has caused international anxiety and travel restrictions imposed by the Health Organization due to its novelty, ease and speed of transmission, along with extensive media coverage. In Iran, people were asked to cancel unnecessary trips, but with the start of the holiday, many tourists traveled to tourist cities, including Ramsar in Mazandaran province. Due to the closure of accommodation and tourism centers, the majority of incoming tourists to Ramsar were tourists who own a second home in the city and are considered second home tourists. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the reasons for the tourism of second homes during the outbreak of coronavirus.Research MethodsThe present study is a descriptive survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of the study was tourists who traveled to Ramsar in the spring and summer of 1399 due to the spread of coronavirus. According to the volume of tourists, the number of samples was calculated according to Cochran's formula 384 items. In order to check the validity of the content, the necessary consultations were held with the experts and in their opinion, the proposed problems were corrected and in the re-survey it was ensured that the questionnaire has the necessary validity. To compare the importance and ranking of the identified variables and components, a comparative questionnaire with a range of 5 Likert options (1 = very low to 5 = very high) was used. To measure reliability, a prototype consisting of 30 questionnaires was tested and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to be 0.8. According to the minimum reliability coefficient (0.7), the value obtained indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. In data analysis, SPSS22 software was used for prioritization.Discussion and findingsThe correlation test showed the four main dimensions of second home tourism at the time of the Corona virus outbreak that the dimensions of ownership with the amount of correlation (semantic level), 0.89 (0.000), rules and regulations with a correlation value of 0.86 (0.000), personality traits with a correlation value of 0.78 (0.009) and the climatic conditions of the region with a correlation value of 0.68 (0.001) with 95% reliability, respectively, have the highest intensity of direct relationship with the tourism of second homes in Ramsar city.The components of "realization of property rights in any situation" with a strong correlation (0.91) at the level of significance (0.001) and with 95% reliability, "Feeling of being a native" with a strong correlation (0.89) at the level of significance (0.000) and 95% reliability, "Having public facilities similar to the local community" with a strong correlation (0.87) at the level of significance (0.002) and 95% reliability, "Vehicle ownership and ease of transportation" with a correlation intensity (0.82) at a significant level (0.000) and 95% reliability had the greatest impact on the ownership factor, respectively.Components of "no government ban on travel" with a strong correlation (0.80) at the level of significance (0.000) and 95% reliability, "Failure to set rules and regulations to prevent travel" with a strong correlation (0.79) at the level of significance (0.004) and 95% reliability, "Lack of complete quarantine of cities and villages" with a strong correlation (0.77) at the level of significance (0.017) and with 95% reliability, "Non-imposition of fines for unnecessary trips" with a strong correlation (0.74) at the level of significance (0.004) and 95% reliability, respectively, had the greatest impact on the factor of rules and regulations.The components of "escape from monotony and daily life" with a correlation intensity (0.75) at the level of significance (0.029) and with 95% reliability, "Extending the quarantine period and leisure use" with a strong correlation (0.73) at the level of significance (0.000) and with 95% reliability, "Risk taking and risk acceptance" with a strong correlation (0.70) at the level of significance (0.011) and 95% reliability, "Escape from urban pollution and high-risk centers" with a strong correlation (0.68) at the level of significance (0.000) and 95% reliability, "Belonging to place" with a strong correlation (0.61) at the level of significance (0.009) and 95% reliability, "Acquisition of mental and physical fitness" with the intensity of correlation (0.58) at the level of significance (0.010) and 95% reliability had the greatest impact on the factor of personality traits, respectively.Components of "existence of attractions" with a strong correlation (0.70) at the level of significance (0.000) and 95% reliability, "Natural landscapes" with a strong correlation (0.68) at the level of significance (0.011) and 95% reliability, "Environmental calm" with a strong correlation (0.59) at the level of significance (0.005) and 95% reliability, "Suitable climate" with the intensity of correlation (0.54) at the level of significance (0.003) and 95% reliability, respectively, had the greatest impact on the climatic conditions.ConclusionThe traffic of non-native cars in different cities and villages of this province, especially in Ramsar city, shows that the number of second homes in this area is high. Although second homes and the presence of tourists have led to economic prosperity and job creation, in times of crisis such as the recent crisis, the necessary training should be provided to the host community and tourists and second homeowners, as well as emergency laws. We need to think about projects in which the tourists have a share in the costs and problems made by tourism in the region. Establishing laws and regulations that are restrictive and commensurate with sudden crises, although in the short term will cause a decline in tourism and economic problems for business owners in the field of tourism, but it is important that in the future, leads the tourism industry to grow and prosper to host communities. Moreover, healthy and educated tourists need to have a good time enjoying themselves and others away from worries.KeywordsCovid-19, Urban Tourism, Urban Second Home, Ramsar.