ارزیابی کیفیت زندگی شهری در شهر اردبیل با استفاده از تلفیق داده های سنجش از دور و تحلیل های مکانی مقاله

کیفیت زندگی شهری به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین حوزه‌های مطالعات شهری در کشورهای مختلف جهان محسوب می‌شود. این مهم به دلیل افزایش روز افزون کارآمدی مطالعات کیفیت زندگی در پایش سیاست‌های برنامه ریزی شهری و ایفای نقش آن به عنوان ابزاری حیاتی در مدیریت و برنامه ریزی شهری است. از این رو هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی کیفیت زندگی شهری در شهر اردبیل با استفاده از تلفیق داده‌های سنجش از دور و اطلاعات مکانی است. جهت دستیابی به شاخص نهایی کیفیت زندگی در شهر اردبیل، زیرمعیارهای مربوط به چهار معیار اصلی مخاطرات محیطی، اجتماعی، دسترسی و فیزیکی به صورت جداگانه براساس مرورو پیشینه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. فرآیند تحلیل شبکه‌ای (ANP) به منظور اختصاص اوزانی به این زیر معیارها و معیارها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. سپس از نرم افزار Arc map جهت تولید نقشه کیفیت زندگی در هر یک از قلمروها به صورت جداگانه و دستیابی به شاخص نهایی کیفیت زندگی در شهر اردبیل استفاده شد. همچنین به منظور رتبه بندی مناطق مختلف شهر از نظر کیفیت زندگی مدل تاپسیس مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. توزیع مکانی شاخص کیفیت زندگی در شهر اردبیل بیانگر آن است که کیفیت زندگی در حد نسبتا متوسطی قرار دارد به طوری که، منطقه 1 و بخش‌هایی از مناطق 2 و 4 از نظر کیفیت زندگی نسبت به سایر بخش‌های شهر دارای امتیاز بالایی می‌باشند و منطقه 3 دارای امتیاز پایینی از این نظر است. همچنین یافته‌های پژوهش نشانگر آن است که از بین قلمروهای موثر در کیفیت زندگی شهری معیارهای اجتماعی، مخاطرات محیطی، دسترسی به خدمات عمومی و فیزیکی به ترتیب با اوزان 28/0، 27/0، 25/0 و 20/0 به عنوان مهم‌ترین عامل در تحلیل کیفیت زندگی شهری محسوب می‌شوند. نتایج پژوهش همچنین نشان دهنده قابلیت بالای تکنولوژی سنجش از دور در تلفیق با داده‌های مکانی به منظور ارزیابی کیفیت زندگی در مناطق شهری می‌باشد که می‌تواند یاری گر برنامه ریزان و مدیران شهری به منظور اداره هر چه بهتر شهر باشد.

The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the quality of urban life in Ardabil city using a combination of remote sensing data and spatial information. To achieve the final index of quality of life in Ardabil, sub-criteria related to four main criteria of environmental hazards, social, access and physical were selected separately based on the research background. The ANP process was used to assign weight to these sub-criteria and criteria. Then Arc map software was used to produce quality of life map in each territory separately and to achieve the final quality of life index in Ardabil city. The TOPSIS model was also used to rank different areas of the city in terms of quality of life. Spatial distribution of quality of life index in Ardabil city indicates that quality of life is moderate so that region 1 and parts of regions 2 and 4 have a higher quality of life compared to other parts of the city. Zone 3 has a low rating in this regard. The findings also indicate that among the effective domains of urban quality of life, social criteria, environmental hazards, access to public and physical services are respectively as significant as 0.28, 0.27, 0.25 and 0.20, are the most important factor in analyzing urban quality of life. The results also demonstrate the high capability of remote sensing technology combined with spatial data to assess quality of life in urban areas, which can assist urban planners and managers to better manage the city.Introduction: The growth process of cities since the beginning of the twentieth century, the rapid growth of the urban population, resulting in inadequate and incompatible physical growth, as well as a quantitative look at urban planning and neighbourhoods, altering the culture of neighbourhoods, inter-neighbourhood migration, and dissatisfaction with the quality of urban environments. Which has been associated with a loss of identity and a sense of belonging. Therefore, to counter such a trend, an approach has been proposed as the quality of urban life to create a favourable urban life. The concept of quality of life is a broad concept that encompasses the psychological, social and economic aspects of life. Quality of life is a multidimensional concept and can be measured with both subjective and objective dimensions. Whereas subjective indicators relate to one's perception of their quality of life and their surroundings, while objective indicators relate to observable and measurable characteristics. In general, the aim has been to raise the concept of urban quality of life, to modify and develop the concept of development from mere quantitative development to sustainable urban development as well as the optimal allocation of scarce urban resources. Hence, in order to appropriately allocate the share of urban per capita in vulnerable areas of the city, achieving equal quality of life in different parts of the city is necessary, as it can identify problematic urban areas, prioritizing studies on urban quality of life is essential. Citizens in life, the causes of citizen dissatisfaction and the impact of socio-demographic factors on quality of life. The study area in this research is the Ardabil city of Ardabil province. According to the population and housing censuses of 2016, the share of the city's population rose from 61% in 2006 to 68% in 2016, and the share of the rural population declined from 39% during the same period to 32%. Ardabil's population growth of 7% over the past 10 years has naturally increased the urban population and increased marginalization in parallel. As a result, increasing suburban populations with poor access to the city's economic, physical, and social facilities will reduce the quality of city life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply social, physical, accessibility and environmental hazards indices to assess the quality of life in Ardabil city using the combination of remote sensing data and spatial analysis. Methodology: In this study, in order to achieve the quality of life index in Ardabil city, data on population census and housing in 2016, remote sensing data, OSM data and GIS-based data were used. To do this, the layers were prepared and pre-processed after receiving data on the four social, physical, access and environmental hazards from different data sources. At the data analysis stage, their weighting was carried out by the ANP model and after integrating the maps from each territory, the final map of urban quality of life in Ardabil city was generated. Finally, the ranking of criteria from high importance to low importance was done using Topsis model. Results and discussion: Individual Quality of Life Index in each Territory: In order to obtain the Quality of Life Index in each of the social, physical, access and environmental hazards, effective variables in each Territory, based on ANP model and Weights were assigned to them using the opinions of experts in the field. Finally, Arc map software was used to extract the composite index of quality of life in each territory. Final Quality of Life Index: In order to achieve the final quality of life index in Ardabil, four areas of social, physical, environmental hazards and access to public services were selected, based on the ANP model and using expert opinions in the field were weighted. The results indicate that the social criteria with a weighted average of 0.28 is considered as the most effective factor in measuring the quality of life, and environmental hazards, access to public and physical services are the next ranks. Arc map software was also used to extract the final map of the Ardabil city quality of life index. The findings also indicate that the spatial distribution of the final indicator of the quality of life in Ardabil city is in the 1st level and parts of the 2nd and 4th areas are higher than the 3rd area. Conclusion: The main purpose of this study was to achieve the final quality of life index in Ardabil city by combining remote sensing data and spatial data. In order to achieve this goal, data related to four social, access, physical and environmental hazards were prepared and analyzed and finally, the final quality of life index map in Ardabil city was obtained. The results of the spatial distribution of the final quality of life index indicate a high quality of life in the middle areas of the city, while the marginal areas of the city, especially areas 3 and 4, have a low quality of life. Also, according to the results, among the factors affecting the quality of life, the social criteria is considered to be the most influential factor on the quality of life due to the factors such as employment, literacy, and unemployment, so that the areas that are rated High in the social territory have a higher quality of life. Spatial variations in the quality of life in different areas of the city indicate that areas 1 and 2 have a higher quality of life in the social territory. There is a balanced distribution in the four areas of the city in terms of quality of life in the physical realm. The middle sections of the city are more favourable than the suburbs in terms of access to public services. Also, 1 and 4 regions of the city have a high quality of life from the quality of life in environmental hazard territory perspective. From the perspective of the relationship between four territories of social, access, physical and environmental hazards, the findings of the study indicate the relationship between these four territories in measuring the quality of life. For example, a high percentage of employment (social territory) will increase the purchasing power of suitable housing (physical territory). Also, a high level of literacy (social realm) will prevent construction in areas at risk of environmental hazards.