تحلیل فضایی ابعاد مسکن پایدار شهری مبتنی بر رویکرد اقتصاد سیاسی فضا مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه مقاله

فرآیند شهرنشینی کشور به‌شدت متأثر از رویکرد اقتصاد سیاسی است که این توسعه به‌عنوان یک پدیده برون‌زا و بر پایه رشد خدمات شکل‌گرفته است که به‌هیچ‌وجه ادامه شهرنشینی تاریخی آن نیست. از منظر این رویکرد، فضا (مسکن) پدیده‌ای است که تولید می‌شود و این شکل‌گیری با نظام سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی جامعه رابطه دارد و سیمای فضایی مکان، منعکس کننده روابط اجتماعی حاکم بر آن است. در این پژوهش با تحلیل فضایی ابعاد مسکن پایدار شهری، وضعیت کمی و کیفی مسکن در سطح کلانشهر کرمانشاه بررسی خواهد شد. این پژوهش با توجه به ماهیت داده‌ها و عدم امکان کنترل رفتار متغیرهای مؤثر در مـسئله، از نـوع غیرتجربـی بـوده و در چارچوب الگوی تحلیلی ـ موردی انجام شده است. به منظور تحلیل الگوی مسکن پایدار در سطح شهر و مناطق 8گانه شهر کرمانشاه از تکنیک پیمایش بلوک آماری و ابزار پرسشنامه در ۳ بعد پایداری کالبدی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی مشتمل بر ۴۰ گویه استفاده شده است. جهت بررسی وضعیت کمی و کیفی مسکن نیز از داده‌های بلوک آماری و کاربری مسکونی کرمانشاه و اسـناد فرادسـت شامل طرح جامع و تفصیلی در محـیط Arc GIS و ابزارهای تحلیل فضایی شامل روش‌های آمار فضایی استفاده شده است. نتایج پایداری ابعاد سه‌گانه براساس آزمون t نشان می‌دهد که از میان 5 مؤلفه مورد ارزیابی بعد کالبدی، 2 مؤلفه ناپایدار و ۳ مؤلفه تا حدی پایدار بوده‌اند. همچنین از میان 6 مؤلفه بعد اقتصادی، 2 مؤلفه ناپایدار و 4 مؤلفه دارای وضعیت تا حدی پایدار بوده‌اند. و در نهایت از میان 5 مؤلفه مورد ارزیابی بعد اجتماعی، ۲ مؤلفه پایدار، ۲ مؤلفه تا حدی پایدار و ۱ مورد ناپایدار بوده است. مقدار شاخص Z-score در توزیع خوشه‌‌های کم ـ ‌زیاد (2.163751-) منفی و مقدار شاخص موران (0.031042) مثبت است؛ نشان می‏دهد که شکاف آشکاری میان مناطق شهری کرمانشاه از لحاظ پایداری شاخص‏های مسکن وجود دارد.

AbstractThe process of growth and development of urbanization of the country is strongly influenced by the approach of political economy that this development is formed as an exogenous phenomenon and based on the growth of services, which is by no means a continuation of its historical urbanization. From the perspective of this approach, space (housing) is a phenomenon that is produced and this formation is related to the political, economic and social system of society and the spatial appearance of the place reflects the social relations that govern it. In this study, with spatial analysis of the dimensions of sustainable urban housing, the quantitative and qualitative status of housing in Kermanshah metropolis will be investigated. Due to the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, this research has been non-experimental and has been conducted within the framework of a case-study model. In order to analyze the model of sustainable housing in the city and 8 regions of Kermanshah, the statistical block survey technique and a questionnaire were used in three dimensions of physical, economic and social sustainability consisting of 40 items. In order to investigate the quantitative and qualitative status of housing, the data of statistical block and residential use of Kermanshah metropolis and above-mentioned documents including a comprehensive and detailed plan in Arc GIS environment and spatial analysis tools including spatial statistics methods have been used.Despite the growing importance of this sector, there is less society in developing countries or even in developed countries that can claim a radical solution to the housing problem in its quantitative and qualitative dimensions, and this problem in developing countries. It has become acute and critical. Hence, the issue of housing is at the beginning of a great transformation; How the housing quality crisis has overcome the issue of its quantity crisis The results of the stability of the three dimensions based on t-test show that among the 5 components evaluated in the physical dimension, 2 components were unstable and 3 components were somewhat stable. Also, among the 6 components of the economic dimension, 2 components were unstable and 4 components were somewhat stable. Finally, out of the 5 components evaluated by the social dimension, 2 components were stable, 2 components were partially stable and 1 was unstable. The value of Z-score index in the distribution of low-high clusters (-2.163751) is negative and the value of Moran index (0.031042) is positive; It shows that there is a clear gap between the urban areas of Kermanshah in terms of stability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing that can be divided into three contexts: new, middle and old. According to the trend of physical expansion of Kermanshah city in the northeast-southwest, and two east-west axes, the eastern half of the city with a relatively new texture of middle, upper and middle class living areas and areas with old and middle texture with special social and physical advantages Which has a wide range compared to the southern and northwestern half. Also, the spatial differences of the sustainable housing model indicate that regions 1, 2, 8 and 6 have an unstable state, regions 7 and 5 have a somewhat stable state, and regions 3 and 4 have a stable state.It needs housing in both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. In the quantitative dimension of the need for housing, the lack of shelter and access to housing, and in the qualitative dimension, issues and phenomena are raised that lead to homelessness and poor housing. The existence of unsuitable housing units called bad housing is one of the social problems of today's societies.Housing is considered as one of the basic human needs and one of the criteria for measuring development. If we consider the basic material needs of human beings as the sum of biological, economic and social needs, housing has a significant role in meeting all three of these needs.By evaluating the physical indicators of urban housing with a sustainable development approach in Saman city by examining five physical indicators including; Building materials or structures, the quality of housing, the age of buildings, the appearance of housing and the number of floors have led to the conclusion that the city is in a relatively poor physical condition. Among these, the third district of this city is the most desirable and the second district is the most undesirable among the studied indicators.By identifying the variables affecting socialization in the field of housing, with the aim of maintaining housing cohesion, they have concluded that the factors affecting the increase of social interactions in housing are a subset of five domains: physical-environmental, behavioral, semantic, contextual and personality.