اثربخشی آموزش خودشفابخشی بر کیفیت زندگی سالمندان مقاله

سالمندی موفق یکی از مفاهیم اصلی در پیری‌شناسی است. سالمندی فرایند زیستی است که تمام موجودات زنده از جمله انسان‌ها آن را تجربه می‌کنند. کیفیت زندگی می‌تواند بر سلامت سالمندان اثر بگذارد. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی آموزش خودشفابخشی بر کیفیت زندگی سالمندان در سال ۱۳۹۹ انجام شد. روش پژوهش حاضر، نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و پیگیری، با گروه گواه بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل تمامی زنان مقیم آسایشگاه سالمندان شهر اصفهان بودند که طی فراخوان عمومی در آسایشگاه سالمندان شبانه‌روزی، تعداد 40 نفر از زنان سالمند از طریق نمونه‌گیری در دسترس و رعایت معیارهای ورود به مطالعه انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی ساده در دو گروه 20 نفری گمارش شدند. ابزار این پژوهش، پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی وار و شربورن بود. آموزش خودشفابخشی لطیفی و مروی به مدت 12 جلسه‌ 60 دقیقه‌ای بر روی گروه آزمایشی اجرا شد. داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل کوواریانس تک‌متغیری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه ۲۴ تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که آموزش خودشفابخشی مؤلفه‌های کیفیت زندگی (شامل عملکرد جسمانی، محدودیت ایفای نقش به دلایل جسمانی، انرژی و شادابی، بهزیستی هیجانی، درد بدنی و سلامت عمومی) را در شرکت‌کنندگان گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه گواه به طور معناداری در مرحله پس‌آزمون ارتقاء بخشیده است (05/0P<) و این اثرات به میزان قابل توجهی در مرحله پیگیری ثابت باقی مانده‌اند (05/0P<). ولی در مابقی مؤلفه‌های کیفیت زندگی (شامل محدودیت ایفای نقش به دلایل هیجانی و عملکرد اجتماعی) تفاوت معناداری در مرحله پس‌آزمون و پیگیری یافت نشد (05/0P>). با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌توان گفت رویکرد خودشفابخشی با کاهش استرس فیزیولوژیک از طریق روش‌های درمان خاطرات سلولی مخرب، اصلاح سبک زندگی و آموزش فنون آرام‌سازی موجب بهبود کیفیت زندگی و افزایش سلامت عمومی سالمندان می‌شود.

The successful elderly seems to be one of the main concepts in gerontology. The elderly is a biological process experienced by all living beings, including humans. The quality of life may affect the elderly’s health. Accordingly, the current study was to determine the effectiveness of self-healing training on the quality of life among the elderly in 2020. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all women living in a nursing homes in Isfahan, Iran, among whom 40 were selected using convenience sampling and according to the inclusion criteria, by a public call in the mentioned boarding nursing homes, and assigned randomely into two groups (20 members each). The measure applied in the present study was Ware and Sherbourne’s quality of life questionnaire. Latifi and Marvi’s self-healing training was performed for the experimental group during twelve 60-minute sessions. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by using SPSS-24 software. The results demonstrated that self-healing training had positive effects on the components of quality of life (including physical function, role limitation due to physical reasons, energy and vitality, emotional well-being, physical pain and general health) in the experimental group compared to the control group significantly in the post-test (p0.05). According to the results of the present study, it can be mentioned that the self-healing approach improves the quality of life and increases the elderly’s general health by reducing the physiological stress through methods of treating destructive cellular memories, improving lifestyle and teaching relaxation techniques.ReferencesAhmadi, V., Valizadeh, H. (2021). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on the quality of life and death anxiety in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 7(2), 153-166. 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