بررسی چالش های فضایی توسعۀ شهری و اثرات آن برای امنیت ملی ایران مقاله

از مهم‏ترین مسائل کشور، به‏ویژه پس از انقلاب اسلامی، بی‏توجهی به شاخص‏ها و معیارهای مناسب جهت سازمان‏دهی سیاسی فضا بوده است که عدم شکل‏گیری واقعی واحدهای سیاسی از جمله شهر را موجب شده است. درواقع، بیشتر شهرهای کشور با فلسفة وجودی شهر در معنای واقعی آن مطابقت نداشته و فضاهای معلقی بین شهر و روستا هستند. جایگاه و نقش مهمی که شهر در کشور پیدا کرده موجب شده تا روند و میل به‏ایجاد شهرها در ایران از چنان سرعتی برخوردار شود که در برهة زمانی 63ساله (1335-1398) بیش از 560 درصد رشد را در تعداد شهرهای کشور شاهد باشیم. چنین افزایش بی‏رویه و نسنجیدة شهرها در کشور چالش‏هایی برای امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و توسعة آن دربر داشته و خواهد داشت. در همین راستا، این پژوهش بر آن است تا با روش تحلیل مکانی و فضایی با تحلیل استخراخ مناطق ساخته‏شده از تصاویر AVHHRو مدل‏سازی تغییرات مناطق ساخته‏شده بین سال‏های 1990 تا 2018 به بررسی این مسئله بپردازد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‏دهد که افزایش بدون ضابطه و مبتنی بر واقعیت‏های فضایی- جغرافیایی و اصول صحیح تقسیمات کشوری باعث شده تا امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی با چالش‏هایی در ابعاد مختلف سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی، زیست‏محیطی، و حتی نظامی مواجه شود.

Abstract:One of the most important issues in the country, especially after the Islamic Revolution, has been the lack of attention to scientific indicators and criteria for the political organization of space, which has resulted in the actual formation of political units, including the city. In fact, the new cities formed do not correspond to the existential philosophy of the city in the true sense of the word, and there are suspended spaces between the city and the village that cannot be given a specific name. This factor has made the process of building cities in Iran so fast that we have seen more than 526% growth in the number of cities in the country over the past 57 years (1335-1393). The largest increase in the number of cities was after the Islamic Revolution between 1991 and 1991, indicating a 140 percent increase over this 22-year period. Such unprecedented and unpredictable growth of cities in the country will and will pose challenges to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its development. In this regard, this study seeks to investigate this issue through spatial and spatial analysis by analyzing the extraction of areas made of AVHHR images and modeling the changes of areas made between 1990 and 2018IntroductionThere are many differences between countries in terms of definition of city and urban location and urban location. At present, there are various definitions of urban location, none of which are satisfactory. Sometimes, city based on urban culture) cultural definition (sometimes based on administrative function) political-administrative definition (sometimes based on people working in non-agricultural sectors) economic index (and sometimes based on population size and population index of cities) Shariepour, (1391, especially in the new century) has found wide dimensions in terms of physical size and variety of social and economic issues, and these developments have made it difficult to discuss urban management and security (John Parvar, 2014). ) It should be noted that the city is part of a country and islands within it. Cities have their own political geographies with respect to commercial centers, wealthy suburbs, slums, Aleppo, and their forbidden areas (Muir, 2000). How cities operate and on what relationships do they live, what are the driving forces of the city, or how effective are environmental factors in locating them, and how is the city's relationship within the village and The city (and the outskirts of the city and the countryside) around it is a very important issue in spatial and spatial security in a country and its protective structures in the approach of establishing regional and regional security (Rezai et al., 2010).MethodologyThe purpose of this study is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The methodology used in this research is a combination of systematic review of library resources, field studies, and analytical and software processes. In the first step, using the collected data, the number of cities was used to analyze the data. The combination of data layers was extracted using AVHHR satellite software and geographic information system software and maps of urban areas were extracted using NDBI remote sensing satellite. Other information on constructed areas and urban areas has been obtained and used from the Iranian Statistics Center. In this study, qualitative analysis and spatial calculations in formulation of urban density and constructed areas under the title of city have been studied and analyzed. In order to achieve the research objectives, a descriptive review of the literature has been made. Much of the data used in this study was extracted from the process of statistical data analysis and satellite image processing. ARC GIS 10 software was used as the spatial analysis software.Results and discussionThe formation of cities and urbanization in Iran has a long history. However, its course has become more intense over the past century, which is not comparable to the historical periods before it. The policies of governments and governments formed at this juncture have played a major role in this. There is a significant relationship between government and government on the one hand and the accelerated development of urbanization and urbanization in Iran. Over the past hundred years, ever since the Constitutional Revolution, both sides of this equation have seen dramatic quantitative and qualitative developments. On the one hand, the number of cities in the country increased with the consolidation of the new government and the number of urban population increased. On the other hand, the structure of the state changed after the Constitutional Revolution, and the urban elements replaced the Qajars with their provincial origins. they got. For this reason, the constitutional revolution in the history of the city and the urbanization of Iran can be considered an important historical turning point. The constitutional revolution brought to power the urban elements rather than the nomadic and tribal elements that ruled the country. On the other hand, the new government, with its city-centered and urban-oriented policies, has consistently taken steps to strengthen and develop the city and its urbanization, and has directly and indirectly supported the life and culture of the city and its urbanization in the face of rural and nomadic livelihoods. Thus, there was a reciprocal and complementary functional relationship between government and government on the one hand, and the city and urbanization on the other, which still exist today.ConclusionThe basis of any government is territoriality, the most important of which, after the formation of territory, is the proper political organization of space. If this organization is tailored to the geographic spatial features, the territorialization process will be best managed to preserve and control the territory. In this way, each state will organize a proper political space for better territoriality and better management of its territory. It does this on the basis of various geographical, political, economic, social, cultural, and other factors, in an attempt to ensure structural and functional unity and, subsequently, development and security of the country.

بررسي چالش هاي فضايي توسعۀ شهري و اثرات آن براي امنيت ملي ايران عبدالمجيد راه پيما*١ ـ دکتري علوم سياسي و سياست گذاري عمومي دانشگاه تهران مرکز، تهران ، ايران بهادر غلامي ـ دکتري جغرافياي سياسي دانشگاه تهران ، تهران ، ايران تاريخ دريافت : ١٣٩٨/١١/١٩ تاريخ پذيرش : ١٣٩٩/٠١/٢١ چکيده از مهم ترين مسائل کشور، به ويژه پس از انقلاب اسلامي، بي توجهي به شاخص ها و معيارهاي مناسب جهت سازمان دهي سياسي فضا بوده است که عدم شکل گيري واقعي واحدهاي سياسي از جمله شهر را موجب شده است . در ايران بر اساس مادة ١ قانون تعاريف و ضوابط تقسيمات کشور مصوب سال ١٣٦٢، شهر يکي از عناصر تقسيمات کشوري است که طبق مادة ٤ قانون مذکور چنين تعريف شده است : «شهر محلي است با حدود قانوني که در محدودة جغرافيايي بخش واقع شده و از نظر بافت ساختماني، اشتغال ، و ساير عوامل داراي سيمايي با ويژگيهاي خاص خود بوده ؛ به طوريکه اکثريت ساکنان دائمي آن در مشاغل کسب ، تجارت ، صنعت ، کشاورزي، خدمات ، و فعاليت هاي اداري اشتغال داشته و در زمينۀ خدمات شهري از خودکفايي نسبي برخوردار بوده و کانون مبادلات اجتماعي، اقتصادي، فرهنگي، و سياسي حوزة جذب و نفوذ پيرامون خود بوده و حداقل داراي ده هزار نفر جمعيت باشد. بررسي تغييرات شهرها و شهرنشيني در ايران ١٩٩٠-٢٠١٨ درصد تغييرات مساحت تغييرات (هکتار) سال (رجوع شود به تصویر صفحه) تجزيه و تحليل دلايل عدم شکل گيري واقعي واحد سياسي شهر در ايران افزايش نسنجيدة ميزان شهرنشيني و تعداد شهرهاي کشور از چنان شدتي در طي دهه هاي گذشته برخوردار بوده که اگر با چنين روندي ادامه پيدا کند، بايد در دهه هاي آينده شاهد کشوري کاملا شهرنشين باشيم .