شناسایی ابعاد و مولفه‌های فرآیند نخبه‌پروری در مدارس ابتدایی کشور ایران مقاله

مقدمه: نخبه‌پروری و بهره‌گیری از آنها نقش مهمی در رشد و توسعه جامعه دارد. بنابراین، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی ابعاد و مولفه‌های فرآیند نخبه‌پروری در مدارس ابتدایی کشور ایران بود. روش کار: این مطالعه از نظر هدف بنیادی و از نظر شیوه اجرا کیفی بود. جامعه پژوهش خبرگان فرآیند نخبه‌پروری کشور ایران در فصل بهار سال 1401 بودند که طبق اصل اشباع نظری 10 نفر از آنها با روش نمونه‌گیری غیرتصادفی هدفمند به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از روش مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان استفاده شد که روایی آنها با نظر خبرگانی غیر از اعضای جامعه تایید و پایایی آنها با روش ضریب توافق بین دو کدگذار 83/0 محاسبه شد. داده‌ها با روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA-2020 تحلیل شدند. نتایج: یافته‌ها نشان داد که فرآیند نخبه‌پروری در مدارس ابتدایی کشور ایران 27 شاخص، 7 مولفه و 3 بعد داشت؛ به‌طوری که بعد فردی دارای دو مولفه مشارکت دانش‌آموزان در مدیریت امور مدرسه و تصمیم‌گیری و تصمیم‌سازی دانش‌آموزی، بعد مدرسه و سازمان آموزش‌وپرورش دارای دو مولفه آماده‌سازی دبیران و سابقه شغلی معلمان و مدیران مدارس و بعد گروهی دارای سه مولفه برگزاری انواع مسابقات به‌صورت هدفمند در مدرسه، ایده‌های نو و خلاق و تشویق دانش‌آموزان بود. در نهایت، الگوی ابعاد و مولفه‌های فرآیند نخبه‌پروری در مدارس ابتدایی کشور ایران طراحی شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر، برنامه‌ریزی برای بهبود فرآیند نخبه‌پروری در مدارس ابتدایی کشور ایران از طریق ابعاد و مولفه‌های شناسایی‌شده برای آن ضروری است.

Introduction: Elitism and their use play an important role in the growth and development of society. Therefore, the aim of this research was identifying the dimensions and components of the elitism process in elementary schools of Iran country. Method: This study in terms of purpose was fundamental and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The research population was the experts of elitism process Iran country in the spring of 2022 year that according to the principle of theoretical saturation number of 10 people of them were selected as a sample by purposeful non-random sampling method. Findings: The findings showed that the elitism process in elementary schools of Iran country had 27 indicators, 7 components and 3 dimensions; So that the individual dimension were included two components of student participation in the management of school affairs and student decision-making, the school and education organization dimension were included two components of teacher preparation and the career history of teachers and school administrators and the group dimension were included three components of holding various competitions in a targeted manner at school, new and creative ideas and encouraging students. Finally, the pattern of the dimensions and components of the elitism process in elementary schools of Iran country was designed. Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, it is necessary to planning to improve the elitism process in elementary schools of Iran country through the identified dimensions and components. Identifying the dimensions and components of the elitism process in elementary schools of Iran country Introduction: Considering the importance of elitism and its process, the National Elite Foundation, which is in charge, custodian and policy maker of this field, issued the country's strategic document on elite affairs with goals such as creating areas for the identification, growth and maximum flourishing of individual and group talents. , the realization of the comprehensive system of elite ethics, expanding the circle of elites and making maximum use of the power of the elite community, the purposeful management of the circulation of the elites and the prevention of the departure of the elites, etc., were approved by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and are currently in the implementation phase. In this document, the elite is introduced as an outstanding and efficient person who has a significant impact in the creation and expansion of science, technology, art, literature, culture and management of the country within the framework of Islamic values, and his activities are based on intelligence, creativity, motivation and inherent ability. On the one hand, and acquired expertise, expertise and abilities on the other hand, to accelerate the progress and upliftment of the country. Elite manpower is one of the most important factors in the growth and development of any country, and the development of any country is rooted in the efficiency of the elites of that country; So that it can be said with certainty that this factor is prioritized over other factors and it is obvious that countries achieved real growth and development that used elite human resources along with God-given resources, knowledge and technology. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of the elitism process in elementary schools in Iran. Materials and methods: This study was qualitative in terms of its fundamental purpose and implementation method. The research community was the experts of the elitism process in Iran in the spring of 1401, and according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 10 of them were selected as a sample by non-random sampling method. The process of conducting the research was that after the approval of the proposal, documents related to elitism, including articles, theses and treatises, books, etc., were identified and with the help of supervisors and consultants, a number of them were carefully examined and based on them, questions were asked for interviews with The experts of the elitism process were designed. The process of conducting the research was that after the approval of the proposal, documents related to elitism, including articles, theses and treatises, books, etc., were identified and with the help of supervisors and consultants, a number of them were carefully examined and based on them, questions were asked for interviews with The experts of the elitism process were designed. To collect data, a semi-structured interview with experts was used, whose validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts other than community members, and their reliability was calculated by the agreement coefficient method between two coders at 0.83. Data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in MAXQDA-2020 software. Findings: The findings showed that the process of elitism in primary schools in Iran had 27 indicators, 7 components and 3 dimensions; So that the individual dimension has two components of students' participation in the management of school affairs and student decision-making, the dimension of school and education organization has two components of teacher preparation and the career history of teachers and school administrators, and the group dimension has three components of holding various competitions in a targeted manner at school. New and creative ideas and encouraging students. Finally, the model of the dimensions and components of the elitism process in the elementary schools of Iran was designed. Conclusion: According to the results of the current research, it is necessary to plan to improve the elitism process in Iran's primary schools through the identified dimensions and components. The most important limitations of this research include the use of targeted non-random sampling method, a relatively small sample size to identify the pattern of elitism process in elementary schools in Iran, and the lack of similar researches to compare the findings of this research with the findings of previous researches. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out more research on other aspects of the elitism process and compare it with the findings of the current research and provide a comprehensive model based on the results of all the researches on the elitism process, use random sampling methods such as simple random and increase the sample size to conduct the research. As a research proposal, we can mention the creation of a tool to investigate the status of the elitism process in primary schools or even secondary schools, which can help specialists and planners of the education system in determining the status of the elitism process, and while clarifying its current status, it will provide solutions for To improve the process of elitism. In general, the findings of this study showed that the elitism process in elementary schools in Iran had 27 indicators, 7 components and 3 dimensions. In this study, it was found that the individual dimension includes two components of students' participation in managing school affairs and student decision-making, the dimension of school and education organization includes two components of teacher preparation and the career history of teachers and school administrators, and the group dimension includes three components of holding various competitions as New and creative ideas and encouraging students were targeted in the school. The findings of this study have many practical implications for experts, officials, managers and planners of the education system and based on the results of this study (dimensions, components and indicators identified for the elitism process in elementary schools in Iran) and similar studies, they can take an effective step towards improvement. Design the process of elitism in primary schools of the country and implement them with the help of expert and experienced teachers.