چکیده:
Problem statement: The spatiality and temporality of social movements are of great
importance. A limited number of studies have investigated the spatio-temporality of social
movements. This article deals with the combination of spaces used by activists, all of which
have been effective in the success of social movements.
Research objective: The study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the formation of
spatio-temporal patterns in social movements based on space-time theories. It also considered
the impact of these patterns in shaping social behaviors and actions.
Research method: The research methodology is a combination of quantitative and
qualitative methods. Thirty-four contemporary movements were studied historically, and their
information was coded and categorized. Causal conditions were identified and categorized
based on research criteria by using quantitative content analysis. By converting the qualitative
data into quantitative and using the Boolean method, an equation was obtained in which the
relationship between space-time variables and the success of movements was determined.
Conclusion: The results showed that the movement experiences success if it uses relative
space-time structure spaces (i.e., institutions, universities, and unions) “and” does not use
relational space-time structure spaces (i.e., virtual networks, protest arts, and communities)
“or” uses absolute space-and-time structure spaces (i.e., squares, streets, and symbolic
buildings) “and” also uses relational spacetime structure spaces. The findings showed that
if networking based on close and extensive multidimensional relationships is not possible
for the movement, then organizational networking is necessary to achieve success. It was
also proved that, in the absence of institutions, the coexistence of urban physical spaces and
networking-based spaces is essential for the success of the movement. Together, they form a
public sphere in which they continue protesting and resisting, and challenging the domination
of established power