چکیده:
«دین»، «ملیت» و ملیگرایی از مسائل همیشگی جوامع بشری با پیامدهای مثبت و منفی است. سابقه کهن دین و ملیت در ایران بهعنوان یکی از قدیمیترین کشورها، زمینه را برای ورود اندیشههای ناسیونالیستی در قرن 19 مساعد کرد و امروزه درهمتنیدگی دین، ملیت و ملیگرایی در ایران، آن را به پدیدهای چندوجهی و درهم پیچیده تبدیل کرده است. مسئلۀ اصلی این مقاله، فهم ماهیت ملیگراییِ ایرانی و نسبت آن با دین در ایران معاصر با تأکید بر امروز است و مروری بر سیر تاریخی آن نیز خواهد داشت. هدف اصلی مقاله تبیین مؤلفهها و نسبت دین و ملیگرایی در ایران معاصر است. ابتدا بحثی نظری درباره «دین» و «ملیگرایی» مطرح شده و شبکه مفاهیم، مقومات و مؤلفه های هر کدام ارائهشده است. سپس نسبت دین و ملیگرایی در ایران امروز روی یک طیف در قالب سه جریان و نُه خردهجریان از بیشترین تعامل تا بیشترین تقابل و تضاد بررسی میشود. سه جریان اصلی عبارتند از: تقابل اسلام با ملی گرایی، تعامل اسلام و ملی گرایی، و تقابل ملی گرایی با اسلام. در ادامه به تبیین سیر و دوره های مختلف نسبت دین و ملیگرایی در عرصه سیاست و جامعه ایرانی طی بیش از یک سدۀ اخیر، پرداخته ایم که از ابتدای ورود ناسیونالیسم به ایران تا به امروز در قالب پنج دوره و شش شبه الگو تبیین شده است. یکی از نتایج مقاله که در پایان بدان پرداخته شده این است که ملی گرایی ایرانی اگر چه تحت تأثیر ناسیونالیسم جهانی پدید آمد اما با نمونه های غربی و عربی تفاوت اساسی داشت.
Religion", "nationality" and nationalism are permanent issues of human societies with positive and negative consequences. The old history of religion and nationality in Iran, as one of the oldest countries, paved the way for the entry of nationalist ideas in the 19th century. Today, the intertwining of religion, nationality and nationalism in Iran has turned it into a multifaceted and complicated phenomenon. The main issue of this article is to understand the nature of Iranian nationalism and its relationship with religion in contemporary Iran, and it will review its historical course. The main purpose of the article is to explain the components and the relationship between Islam and nationalism in contemporary Iran.First, a theoretical discussion about "religion" and "nationalism" is discussed and the network of concepts, elements and components of each is explained. Then, the ratio of religion and nationalism in Iran today is examined on a spectrum in the form of three main currents and nine sub-currents, from the most interaction to the most confrontation. The three main currents are: the confrontation of Islam with nationalism, the interaction of Islam and nationalism, and the confrontation of nationalism with Islam. In the following, we have explained the sequence and different periods of the relationship between religion and nationalism in the field of Iranian politics and society over the last century, which has been explained in the form of five periods and six pseudo-models since the beginning of the arrival of nationalism in Iran until today. One of the results of the article discussed at the end is that although Iranian nationalism emerged under the influence of global nationalism, it was different from Western and Arab examples. Iranian nationalism is a unique phenomenon to itself in the causes of its emergence, in its nature, and in its effects and consequences.First, a theoretical discussion about "religion" and "nationalism" is discussed and the network of concepts, elements and components of each were explained. Then, the ratio of religion and nationalism in Iran today is examined on a spectrum in the form of three main currents and nine sub-currents from the most interaction to the most confrontation. The three main currents are: the confrontation of Islam with nationalism, the interaction of Islam and nationalism, and the confrontation of nationalism with Islam. In the following, we have explained the sequence and different periods of the relationship between religion and nationalism in the field of Iranian politics and society over the last century, which has been explained in the form of five periods and six pseudo-models since the beginning of the arrival of nationalism in Iran until today.