بررسی کاربرد صفت در حملۀ حیدری میرزا محمد باذل مشهدی مقاله

فنون ادبی تابستان 1401 - شماره 39 رتبه الف (وزارت علوم/ISC (‎19 صفحه - از 35 تا 53 )

کلیدواژه ها: بلاغت صفت باذل مشهدی حملۀ حیدری Adjective Hamleye Heydari Bazel Mashhadhi Rhetoric‌.‌

چکیده:

کتاب حملۀ حیدری اثر میرزا محمد باذل مشهدی، از برجسته‌ترین حماسه‌های دینی فارسی در قرن دوازدهم هجری است. این حماسۀ منظوم دربارۀ غزوات پیامبر اسلام (ص) و جنگ‌های حضرت علی (ع) به نظم درآمده ‌است. کاربرد صفات ازجمله روش‌هایی است که باذل مشهدی در شکل‌دادن ساختار زبان حماسی خود به آن توجه ویژه‌ای داشته ‌است. کاربرد صفات در حملۀ حیدری، چه به‌صورت هنری و چه به‌شکل غیرهنری، ابزاری است که شاعر برای توصیف شخصیت‌ها، صحنه‌های رزم، حیوانات، اشیا و همچنین برای نشان‌دادن عواطف و احساسات خود از آنها بهره برده ‌است. این مقاله با هدف شناخت و معرفی هرچه بهتر ویژگی‌های آثار حماسی دینی، به‌صورت توصیفی ـ تحلیلی انجام شده ‌است و در آن به بررسی و بیان این صفت‌ها در دو حوزة زبانی (دستوری) و هنری (بلاغی) پرداخته می‌شود؛ همچنین مهم‌ترین کارکرد صفات در این اثر حماسی بررسی خواهد شد. نتیجۀ این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که باذل مشهدی ازنظر زبانی، به کاربرد صفات فاعلی، و ازنظر بلاغی، به کاربرد صفات کنایی توجه بیشتری داشته ‌است. کارکرد این صفات به تجسم و عینیّت‌بخشی مطلوب‌تر صحنه‌های حماسی انجامیده ‌است؛ امری که آن را عاملی مهم در شهرت و ماندگاری این اثر می‌توان برشمرد.

AbstractThe book Hamleye Heydari by Mirza Mohammad Bazel Mashhadhi is one of the prominent Persian religious epics of the 12th century. This verse epic is about the campaigns of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and the wars of Imam Ali (AS). Using adjectives is among the methods that Bazel Mashhadhi paid special attention to in shaping the structure of his epic language. The use of adjectives in Hamleye Heydari, both artistically and non-artistically, is a tool that the poet has used to describe characters, battle scenes, animals, objects, and to show his emotions and feelings. This descriptive-analytical study aims to identify and introduce the characteristics of religious epic works. The attributes have been investigated and expressed in two categories: linguistic (grammatical) and artistic (rhetorical). Also, the most important function of adjectives in this epic work is investigated. The results of this research show that Bazel Mashhadi paid more attention to the use of subjective adjectives from linguistic and rhetorical points of view than to the use of ironic adjectives. The function of these attributes has led to better visualization and objectification of epic scenes. This can be considered an important factor in the fame and longevity of this epic work. IntroductionMirza Mohammad Rafi, known as Bazel Mashhadhi (1112 or 1124 AH), is one of the prominent poets of the 12th century. Hamleye Heydari is his biggest and most famous work. This work is one of the religious epic poems which contains twenty-four thousand verses in Bahr Mutaqareb (Safa, 2008, p. 375). Its subject is the history of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and Imam Ali (AS) and the efforts of Amir al-Mu'minin to spread Islam and overthrow the enemies of the Prophet (PBUH) (ibid: 589). Hamleye Heydari is simple and comprehensible to the general public. Mirza Mohammad Bazel Mashhadhi has tried to add to its excitement by telling stories and beautiful descriptions and making it attractive and passionate. There is no praise for kings and courtiers in this verse. Although Bazil himself had a job in the court, he did not praise anyone other than the Prophet (PBUH), Imam Ali (AS) and Ahl al-Bayt Asmat and Tahart. Bazel has tried to mention the stories of the beginning of Islam, and in this work, he has avoided the excesses that have been used in other epic poems in mentioning events; instead, he has used descriptions that are understandable for people. In creating these descriptions, the use of attributes, especially expressive attributes, has played an important role. Materials and Methods Due to the importance of this epic masterpiece, in this study, the use of adjectives and their most important functions in the generalities of Hamleye Heydari have been investigated from the linguistic (grammatical) and artistic (rhetorical) aspects. Results and ConclusionsIn the investigation of the narrative poem of Hamleye Heydari, the use of adjectives has been investigated. Adjectives are very significant and extensive in Hamleye Heydari, and Bazel Mashhadhi has used this literary trick well in his epic descriptions. These attributes can be divided based on the structure, rhetoric, and function, and even special attributes of religious and Shiite epics. In this poem, artistic adjectives had the highest frequency in the form of subjective adjectives and then in the form of compound adjectives. Also, the use of artistic attributes in its rhetorical form can be seen widely in Hamleye Heydari, while artistic attributes have wider use in the form of irony. In addition, in order to express his religious and Shiite ideology and beliefs, Bazil Mashhadi paid special attention to religious leaders and especially Imam Ali (AS) by using these attributes to make the language and descriptions of the attack more effective, beautiful, and epic. Hamleye Heydari has taken the initiative in this regard, which has caused the fame and longevity of this epical religious work.

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