چکیده:
سالمندی به دورانی از زندگی انسان اطلاق میشود که قوای جسمی او ضعیف و ناتوان میگردد و در معرض انواع بیماریهای جسمی و روانی قرار میگیرد. از جمله بیماریهای شایع در سنین سالمندی بیماری آلزایمر است که سبب زوال عقل و فراموشی میشود و میتواند بر روی عملکردهایی چون حافظه، توجه و تمرکز اثرگذار باشد. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثربخشی تمرینات شناختی بر حافظه، توجه و تمرکز در سالمندان دارای آلزایمر خفیف مقیم در سرای سالمندان انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش آزمون-پسآزمون و گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه سالمندان حاضر در سراهای سالمندان دارای آلزایمر خفیف شهر تهران بودند. با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری در دسترس، تعداد 30 نفر بهعنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری گواه و آزمایش قرار گرفتند. به منظور جمعآوری دادهها از تمرینات شناختی شامل 20 بازی شناختی رایانهای، پرسشنامه معاینه وضعیت مختصر روانی و آزمون استروپ ساده استفاده شد. گروه آزمایش در 16 جلسه 45 دقیقهای، هر هفته دو جلسه، به اجرای تمرینات شناختی پرداختند. تجزیه و تحلیل یافتهها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیری در نرمافزار SPSS نسخه 26 انجام شد. براساس یافتههای پژوهش، تمرینات شناختی اثر معناداری بر حافظه افراد مبتلا به آلزایمر خفیف نداشت (05/0≤P). با این حال، این تمرینات شناختی باعث بهبود تمرکز و توجه در این افراد شد (05/0≥P). این یافتهها تلویحات علمی برای متخصصان حیطه روانشناسی سالمندی فراهم میآورد، بدینگونه که میتوان از تمرینات شناختی به عنوان یک برنامه هدفمند در سراهای سالمندان بهمنظور بهبود حال این افراد و تقویت حافظه، توجه و تمرکز سالمندان مبتلا به آلزایمر استفاده نمود.
The elderly refers to a period of human's life during which their physical strength becomes weak and incapacitated, and they become exposed to all kinds of physical and mental diseases. Alzheimer’s disease seems to be on the diseases, among the common ones in the elderly, which causes dementia and forgetfulness, and can affect functions such as memory, attention and concentration. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive exercises (CBCEs) on memory, attention and concentration in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease living in nursing homes. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this research was all the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease living in nursing homes of Tehran in 2022, among whom 30 people were selected using convenience sampling as the statistical sample and randomly assigned into two 15-member groups of control and experimental. Used to collect data were cognitive exercises including 20 computer cognitive games, mini mental state examination (MMSE) and simple Stroop test. The experimental group performed sixteen 45-minute sessions of CBCEs, twice a week. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-26 software. Based on the findings, CBCEs had no significant effect on the memory of the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease (P≥0.05). However, CBCEs were resulted in the improvement of concentration and attention in the elderly (P≤0.05). These findings provide scientific implications for experts in the field of geriatric psychology, as such CBCEs can be used as a targeted program in nursing homes in order to improve the condition of these people and strengthen the memory, attention and concentration of the elderly with mild Alzheimer’s disease. ReferencesIbyaraki, A., Yazdanbakhsh, K., & Momeni, Kh. (2017). The effectiveness of computerized cognitive rehabilitation on reducing cognitive impairment in students with learning disabilities. Quarterly Journal of Psychology of Exceptional People, 7(26), 127-157. [Persian]Alami, R., Yadegari, F., & Rahgoz, M. (2010). Comparing the relationship between working memory components and sentence comprehension in Alzheimer's patients and healthy elderly. Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, 11(4), 46-59. [Persian]Aly, M., & Turk-Browne, N. B. (2017). How hippocampal memory shapes, and is shaped by, attention. In the Hippocampus from Cells to Systems (pp. 369-403). 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