مقایسه میزان افسردگی و اضطراب متمرکز بر قلب در افراد سالمند شرکت‌کننده و غیر شرکت‌کننده در ورزش‌های همگانی مقاله

افسردگی و اضطراب متمرکز بر قلب از مهم‌ترین اختلالات رایج در دوران سالمندی است. از طرفی، فعالیت بدنی از جمله کارآمدترین راهکارهای کاهش افسردگی و اضطراب متمرکز بر قلب می‌باشد، بنابراین، هدف از مطالعه حاضر، مقایسه میزان افسردگی و اضطراب متمرکز بر قلب در سالمندان شرکت‌کننده و غیر شرکت‌کننده در ورزش‌های همگانی بود. این مطالعه، توصیفی از نوع علّی-مقایسه‌ای بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی سالمندان ساکن شهر بندرعباس بود که تعداد 4۰۰ نفر بر اساس معیارهای ورود به مطالعه انتخاب و در دو گروه شرکت‌کننده و غیر شرکت‌کننده در ورزش‌های همگانی به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس گمارش شدند. تعداد 200 نفر (100 نفر زن و 100 نفر مرد) از افراد سالمند بالای 60 سال سن شرکت کننده در ورزش‌های همگانی و 200 نفر (100 نفر زن و 100 نفر مرد) سالمند که هیچ‌گونه فعالیت ورزشی نداشتند، انتخاب شدند. افراد فعال حداقل یک سال کامل به طور منظم در ورزش همگانی شرکت کرده بودند. سپس کلیه شرکت‌کنندگان پرسش‌نامه افسردگی سالمندان یاساویج و پرسش‌نامه اضطراب قلب ایفرت را پاسخ دادند. تحلیل آماری توسط نرم افزار SPSS و از طریق آزمون t مستقل صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که 84 درصد سالمندانی که در ورزش‌های همگانی مشارکت داشتند، فاقد افسردگی بودند، اما 12 درصد دارای افسردگی خفیف و 4 درصد دارای افسردگی شدید بودند. در مقابل، افراد سالمندی که کم‌تحرک بودند و در ورزش‌های همگانی شرکت نکرده بودند، فقط 28 درصد آنها فاقد افسردگی بودند، در مقابل 52 درصد آنها دارای افسردگی خفیف، 12 درصد دارای افسردگی متوسط و 6 درصد دارای افسردگی شدید بودند. میزان اضطراب متمرکز بر قلب اگر چه در افراد سالمند غیر‌فعال نسبت به سالمندان شرکت‌کننده در ورزش‌های همگانی بیشتر بود، اما این سطح از تفاوت از نظر آماری معنادار نبود. ورزش‌های همگانی میزان افسردگی را در بین سالمندان کاهش می‌دهد، بنابراین توصیه می‌شود جهت کاهش میزان افسردگی، سالمندان به ورزش های همگانی بپردازند.

Depression and heart-focused anxiety (HFA) are of the most common disorders in aging. Physical activity appears to be one of the most effective ways to reduce depression and HFA. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the level of depression and HFA in the elderly participating and not participating in sport for all. It was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included all elderly residents of Bandar Abbas, Iran, of whom 400 were selected based on convenience sampling along whit the inclusion criteria, and were assigned into two groups of participants and non-participants in sport for all. 200 people (100 women and 100 men) of elderly people over 60 years participating in public sports and 200 people (100 women and 100 men) who had not any sports activities were selected. Active people must had regularly participated in public sports for at least one year. All the participants answered the elderly Yesavage’s depression and the Eifert’s HFA questionnaires. Independent t test was used to analyze the data in SPSS-22 software. Results indicated that 84% of people participating in public sports do not have depression, but 12% have mild depression and 4% have severe depression. On the other hand, only 28% of the elderly who were inactive were not depressed, while 52% of them had mild depression, 12% had mild depression, and 6% had severe depression. Although the level of HFA was higher in inactive elderly compared to active elderly, this level of difference was not statistically significant. Public sports reduce the level of depression among the elderly, so it is recommended that the elderly do public sports to reduce the level of depression.ReferencesAbbasi-Shavazi, M. J. (2002). Recent changes and the future of fertility in Iran. 425-439.Anbari, S., Moghadasi, M., Torkfar, A., Rahimezadeh, E., & Khademi, Y. (2012). The Effects of the Recommended eight-weeks sports-for-all program on physical fitness and general health of male employees. Armaghane Danesh, 17(1), 40-49. [Persian]Aziz, R., & Steffens, D. C. (2013). What are the causes of late-life depression? Psychiatric Clinics, 36(4), 497-516. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psc.2013.08.001Balanza-Martinez, V., & Cervera-Martinez, J. (2022). Lifestyle Prescription for Depression with a Focus on Nature Exposure and Screen Time: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095094Ciuffreda, G., Cabanillas-Barea, S., Carrasco-Uribarren, A., Albarova-Corral, M. I., Arguello-Espinosa, M. I., & Marcen-Roman, Y. (2021). Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Adults≥60 Years Old during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22)11-19. https://DOI.org/ 10.3390/ijerph182211859 Deslandes, A., Moraes, H., Ferreira, C., Veiga, H., Silveira, H., Mouta, R., & Laks, J. (2009). Exercise and mental health: Many reasons to move. Neuropsychobiology, 59(4), 191-198. https://DOI.org/ 10.1159/000223730 Eifert, G. H. (1992). Cardiophobia: A Paradigmatic behavioural model of heart-focused anxiety and non-anginal chest pain. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30(4), 329-345. https://DOI.org/ 10.1016/0005-7967(92)90045-i Eifert, G. H., Thompson, R. N., Zvolensky, M. J., Edwards, K., Frazer, N. L., Haddad, J. W., & Davig, J. (2000). The Cardiac anxiety questionnaire: Development and preliminary validity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(10), 1039-1053. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.Etemadi, A., & Ahmadi, K. (2010). The Survey of concerns and psychological disorders in elderly sanatorium. Journal of Ghazvin Medical Science, 14(1), 71-77.[Persian]Farokhzadian, A. A., & Mirderekvand, F. (2018). The Effectiveness of self-compassion focused therapy on increase of psychological well-being and reduction of depression in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 3(4), 293-302.[Persian]Hermida, A. P., Glass, O. M., Shafi, H., & McDonald, W. M. (2018). Electroconvulsive therapy in depression: Current practice and future direction. Psychiatric Clinics, 41(3), 341-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2018.04.001 Gultyaeva, V., Zinchenko, M., Uryumtsev, D. Y., Krivoschekov, S., & Aftanas, L. (2019). Exercise for depression treatment. Physiological mechanisms. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni SS Korsakova, 119(7), 112-119. https:// DOI.org/ 10.17116/jnevro2019119071112 Kim, H.-h., & Jung, N.-h. (2018). The Effect of exercise combined with a cognitive-enhancement group training program on cognition and depression in the community-dwelling elderly. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(2), 335-338. https://DOI.org/10.1589/jpts.30.335 Li, C., Zhao, M., Sun, T., Guo, J., Wu, M., Li, Y., & Li, J. (2022). Treatment effect of exercise training on post‐stroke depression in middle aged and older adults: A Meta‐analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 37(9),1-9. https://DOI.org/ 10.1002/gps.5798 Li, Z., Liu, S., Wang, L., & Smith, L. (2020). Mind–body exercise for anxiety and depression in copd patients: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 22-34. https://DOI.org/10.3390/ijerph17010022 Mc Namara, K., Alzubaidi, H., & Jackson, J. K. (2019). Cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death: How are pharmacists getting involved? Integrated Pharmacy Research & Practice, 8(1),45-54. https:// doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S133088.McNicoll, G. (2002). World Population Ageing 1950-2050. Population and Development Review, 28(4), 814-816.Mirzaei, M., Sahaf, R., Mirzaei, S., Sepahvand, E., Pakdel, A., & Shemshadi, H. (2015). Depression and its associated factors in elderly nursing home residents: A Screening study in Khorramabad. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 10(1), 54-61.[Persian]Mobasheri, M., & Moezy, M. (2010). The Prevalence of depression among the elderly population of Shaystegan and Jahandidegan nursing homes in Shahrekord. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 12(2), 89-94. [Persian]Mourad, G., Stromberg, A., Jonsbu, E., Gustafsson, M., Johansson, P., & Jaarsma, T. (2016). Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with non-cardiac chest pain–a pilot randomized controlled study. Trials, 17(1),352-362. https://DOI.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1491-1 Nair, S. S., & Hiremath, S. (2013). Depression among geriatrics: Prevalence and associated factors. International Journal of Current Research and Rewieve. 5(5).110-112.Parmelee, P. A., Katz, I. R., & Lawton, M. P. (1989). Depression among institutionalized aged: Assessment and prevalence estimation. Journal of gerontology, 44(1), M22-M29. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/44.1.M22Payghan, B., Kadam, S., Ramya, V., & Sridevi, B. (2013). Late life depression-a cross-sectional study in tribal area. International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(8), 07-13. https://doi.org/10.31782/2231-2188Ramazaninejad, R., Niazy, M., & Hematinejad, M. (2010). Comparison of general health of people participating in public sports and inactive people. Sport Sciences Quarterly, 2(4)49-66.[persian]Raiesdana, N., Kamali, E., Soleimani, M., & Khani, M. . Assessment of situational and heart focused anxiety in patients with coronary artery disease before angiography. Koomesh, 19(1)199-206. [persian]Robles, T. F., Slatcher, R. B., Trombello, J. M., & McGinn, M. M. (2014). Marital quality and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 140. https://DOI.org/10.1037/a0031859 Rudnicka, E., Napierała, P., Podfigurna, A., Meczekalski, B., Smolarczyk, R., & Grymowicz, M.(2020). The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing. Maturitas, 139,6-11. https://DOI.org/ 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.018 Sadeghi, M., & Kazemi, H. (2004). Prevalence of dementia and depression among residents of elderly nursing homes in Tehran province. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 9(4), 49-55.[Persian]Sardinha, A., Araujo, C., & Nardi, A. (2012). Psychiatric disorders and cardiac anxiety in exercising and sedentary coronary artery disease patients: A Case-control study. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 45(12), 1320-1326. https://DOI.org/ 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500156 Soleimani, M. A., Bahrami, N., Zarabadi-Pour, S., Motalebi, S. A., Parker, A., & Chan, Y. H. (2020). Predictors of death anxiety among patients with heart disease. Death Studies, 44(3), 160-167. https://DOI.org/ 10.1080/07481187.2018.1527416 Teymoori, F., Dadkhah, A., & Shirazikhah, M. (2006). Social welfare and health (mental, social, physical) status of aged people in Iran. Middle East Journal of Age and Ageing, 3(1), 39-45.Turhan Damar, H., & Demir Barutcu, C. (2022). Relationship between hospitalised older people’s fear of falling and adaptation to old age, quality of life, anxiety and depression. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 17(6), 154-168. https://DOI.org/10.1111/opn.12467 Weyerer, S., Eifflaender-Gorfer, S., Wiese, B., Luppa, M., Pentzek, M., Bickel, H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2013). Incidence and predictors of depression in non-demented primary care attenders aged 75 years and older: Results from a 3-year follow-up study. Age and Ageing, 42(2), 173-180. https://DOI.org/10.1093/ageing/afs184Yao, L., Fang, H., Leng, W., Li, J., & Chang, J. (2021). Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Mental Health in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6(12),1748-1758. DOI.org/ 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.748257