چکیده:
سلامت جامعه یکی از مهم‌ترین تعیین‌کننده‌های میزان پیشرفت هر جامعه است. سنجش میزان سلامت در جوامع مختلف اهمیت بسزایی دارد. به همین دلیل، پژوهشگران همواره در صدد تدوین ابزارهای مناسب برای اندازه‌گیری این مهم هستند. ازآنجایی‌که در هر جامعه‌ای ارزش‌ها و هنجارها بر اساس دیدگاه و جهان‌بینی افراد آن جامعه تعریف می‌شود، ابزارهایی که برای اندازه‌گیری شاخص‌های سلامت به‌ویژه سلامت اجتماعی، دینی و معنوی ساخته می‌شود، منطبق بر بایدها و نبایدهای آن جامعه است. به همین دلیل، برای اندازه‌گیری یک شاخص استفاده از ابزارهای جوامع و فرهنگ‌های دیگر لزوما به‌طور کامل منعکس‌کنندۀ آن مفهوم در جامعه و فرهنگ دیگر نخواهد بود. واضح است که ارزش‌های اجتماعی، دینی و معنوی در فرهنگ‌های مختلف با وجود تفاوت‌ها، وجوه اشتراک نیز دارد؛ بنابراین، می‌توان از بخش‌هایی از هر یک از ابزارهای جهانی به شرط بازخوانی آنها استفاده نمود.
The health of a society is one of the most important determinants of the progress of any community. Assessing the level of health in different communities is of great significance. For this reason, researchers are always striving to develop appropriate tools for measuring it. Since values and norms in any society are defined based on the perspectives and worldviews of its individuals, the tools created to measure health indicators, especially social, religious, and spiritual health, should be aligned with the do's and don'ts of that particular community. Therefore, using tools from other societies and cultures may not fully reflect the meaning of that concept in another society or culture. It is evident that social, religious, and spiritual values have common aspects across different cultures despite their differences. Hence, it is possible to utilize certain parts of globally developed tools by contextualizing them. In the literature, this concept is referred to as the combination of global tools and the localization of measurement tools for social, religious, and spiritual indicators. For instance, the World Health Organization defines health as 'a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity' (1). Based on this definition, social health is considered as one of the important and essential dimensions of health. This definition links health to the ability to cope and adapt to a specific environment and introduces it as a means that emphasizes both social and individual capabilities, as well as physical abilities, and shows that health is rooted in the processes and daily actions of people's lives. Accordingly, social health encompasses the levels of social skills, social functioning, and an individual's self-awareness as a member of a larger society (2).
According to the definition presented by Block and Breslow for the first time, social health is considered synonymous with the functioning of community members. Larsson also defines social health as an individual's assessment of the quality of their relationships with family, others, and social groups. He believes that the measurement of social health assesses a part of an individual's health that reflects their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with life and the social environment (3). One ofThe
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