چکیده:
کوبلر راس از جمله نخستین روان-پزشکانی است که سعی کرده است تا یک روش و چارچوب منظمی را برای مرگ و چگونگی مواجهه با آن تعریف کند. وی در نظریۀ سوگ خود، پنج مرحله یعنی انکار، خشم، چانهزنی، افسردگی و پذیرش را برای بیماران لاعلاج در نظر میگیرد تا آنها با شناخت و کاربست این مراحل، بتوانند مرگ خود را بپذیرند و ادامۀ زندگی را بدون ترس و اضطراب، با آرامش سپری کنند. نظریۀ کوبلر راس را میتوان برای تمامی افراد سوگمند و کسانی که در زندگیشان دچار شکستهای روحی و عاطفی شده-اند، به کاربست. «قصیدة بلقیس» نزار قبانی از آن جمله متونی است که قابل تطبیق با نظریۀ مذکور است. این قصیده که به عنوان سوگنامهای در وصف «بلقیس الراوی» سروده شده است، آینهای تمامنما از آشفتگی روحی و روانی و دیدگاههای تند نزار قبانی نسبت به مسائل جاری در جامعۀ عربی است. پژوهش حاضر میکوشد تا به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با نگاه به نظریۀ سوگ، چگونگی حالات روحی و روانی نزار قبانی را در قصیدۀ مذکور واکاوی کند. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش، شاعر در این قصیده، تمام مراحل پنجگانۀ نظریۀ سوگ را به صورت نامنظم طی میکند و در آخر، به عالیترین مرحلۀ آن یعنی مرحلۀ پذیرش میرسد و با مرگ همسرش کنار میآید. او در هر مرحله، گریزی به مرحلۀ خشم نیز میزند و انزجار خود را از عوامل دخیل در کشتهشدن بلقیس نشان میدهد.
Death is one of the natural phenomena that has always been a challenging issue for humans and according to their cultural and social environment, people have had different dealings with death and the anxiety caused by it. Kubler Ross is one of the first psychiatrists who tried to define a systematic method and framework for death and how come face to face with it. In his theory, he considers five stages namely denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance for terminally ill patients so that they can accept their death by knowing and applying these stages and continue their lives with calmness and without fear or anxiety. Kubler Ross's theory can be applied to all bereaved people and those who have experienced spiritual and emotional failures in their lives. Nizar Qabbani's "Balqis Ode" is one of the texts that can be adapted to the mentioned theory. This ode, which was written as an obituary in the description of "Balqis al-Ravi", is a full-view mirror of Nizar Qabbani's mental and emotional turmoil and sharp views on current issues in the Arab society. The present research tries to analyze the mental and psychological states of Nizar Qabbani in the mentioned Ode by descriptive-analytical method and based on the theory of mourning. According to the results of the research, in this ode, the poet goes all through the five stages of the theory of mourning in an irregular manner and finally reaches its highest stage, which is the stage of acceptance and accepts the death of his wife. At each stage, he returns to the stage of anger and shows his anger at the factors involved in the killing of Balqis.Death is one of the natural phenomena that has always been a challenging issue for humans and according to their cultural and social environment, people have had different dealings with death and the anxiety caused by it. Kubler Ross is one of the first psychiatrists who tried to define a systematic method and framework for death and how come face to face with it. In his theory, he considers five stages namely denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance for terminally ill patients so that they can accept their death by knowing and applying these stages and continue their lives with calmness and without fear or anxiety. Kubler Ross's theory can be applied to all bereaved people and those who have experienced spiritual and emotional failures in their lives. Nizar Qabbani's "Balqis Ode" is one of the texts that can be adapted to the mentioned theory. This ode, which was written as an obituary in the description of "Balqis al-Ravi", is a full-view mirror of Nizar Qabbani's mental and emotional turmoil and sharp views on current issues in the Arab society. The present research tries to analyze the mental and psychological states of Nizar Qabbani in the mentioned Ode by descriptive-analytical method and based on the theory of mourning. According to the results of the research, in this ode, the poet goes all through the five stages of the theory of mourning in an irregular manner and finally reaches its highest stage, which is the stage of acceptance and accepts the death of his wife. At each stage, he returns to the stage of anger and shows his anger at the factors involved in the killing of Balqis.Death is one of the natural phenomena that has always been a challenging issue for humans and according to their cultural and social environment, people have had different dealings with death and the anxiety caused by it. Kubler Ross is one of the first psychiatrists who tried to define a systematic method and framework for death and how come face to face with it. In his theory, he considers five stages namely denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance for terminally ill patients so that they can accept their death by knowing and applying these stages and continue their lives with calmness and without fear or anxiety. Kubler Ross's theory can be applied to all bereaved people and those who have experienced spiritual and emotional failures in their lives. Nizar Qabbani's "Balqis Ode" is one of the texts that can be adapted to the mentioned theory. This ode, which was written as an obituary in the description of "Balqis al-Ravi", is a full-view mirror of Nizar Qabbani's mental and emotional turmoil and sharp views on current issues in the Arab society. The present research tries to analyze the mental and psychological states of Nizar Qabbani in the mentioned Ode by descriptive-analytical method and based on the theory of mourning. According to the results of the research, in this ode, the poet goes all through the five stages of the theory of mourning in an irregular manner and finally reaches its highest stage, which is the stage of acceptance and accepts the death of his wife. At each stage, he returns to the stage of anger and shows his anger at the factors involved in the killing of Balqis.